No 4 (2023)
- Year: 2023
- Published: 01.12.2023
- Articles: 18
- URL: https://vestnikugrasu.org/byusu/issue/view/9303
Full Issue
CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY
International experience of convicts applying to court for protection of their rights (regulatory regulation and the reasons for such appeals)
Abstract
Subject of research: international experience of appeals of convicted persons and persons in custody for the protection of their rights to the judicial authorities of the states of which they were citizens (subjects).
Purpose of research: to identify the main reasons for the appeals of persons in custody, as well as those serving sentences in the form of imprisonment in foreign countries, to the judicial authorities of the host countries for the protection of their rights. To use the obtained results as a comparison for the subsequent study of the reasons and grounds for the appeals of convicts serving criminal sentences in institutions of the penal enforcement system of the Russian Federation to the courts of general jurisdiction for the protection of their rights.
Methods and objects of research: dialectical, systematic, logical and other methods of scientific cognition act as the methodological basis of the research.
Main results of research: the analysis of international experience in the field of activities of institutions and bodies executing criminal penalties in foreign countries allowed us to identify certain reasons for appeals to the courts of convicts in places of deprivation of liberty in foreign countries. The study made it possible to reduce most of the reasons for the appeals of convicts to court into several groups that will be universal for almost any country.
9-16
Holigan incidents as an aggravating circumstance of criminal punishment
Abstract
Subject of research: hooligan motives (motive) as a qualifying feature of a crime and an aggravating circumstance.
Purpose of research: to justify the need to include the fact of committing a crime for hooligan motives in the list of circumstances aggravating punishment.
Methods and objects of research: when conducting the research, general scientific and special scientific methods of cognition were used, which are mainly used in the humanities (legal) sciences: dialectical method, analysis, synthesis, formal-logical, systemic-structural, etc. The object of the research was social relations, which are formed when assessing the degree of public danger of a criminal act committed out of hooligan motives, for the subsequent imposition of a fair punishment for its commission.
Main results of research: any crime committed with hooligan motives is characterized by an increased degree of public danger. If the corpus delicti does not include hooligan motives as a qualifying feature, then this motive must be taken into account when assigning punishment. The results of the study can be used for research in the field of means of differentiation and individualization of criminal liability.
17-26
To the question of attracting a lawyer to criminal resposibility for failure to report a crime
Abstract
The article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of criminal prosecution for failure to report a crime.
Subject of research: legal conflict between the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law “On advocacy and the legal profession in the Russian Federation” dated May 31, 2002 No. 63-FZ in terms of the legal regulation of attorney-client privilege and its limitations.
Purpose of research: a comprehensive study of the problem raised and development of recommendations for the legislator to improve the current criminal legislation.
Methods of research: during the study, logical, historical and comparative legal research methods were used.
Main results of research: as a result of the study, several proposals were formulated for criminal legislation.
27-32
Self-interest: correlation of purpose and motive for committing a crime
Abstract
Subject of research: interpretation by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of self-interest in the form of self-interested motive and self-interested purpose of committing a crime in rulings on specific categories of criminal cases.
Purpose of research: to develop a unified approach in defining the concepts of «selfish motive» and «selfish purpose» for subsequent use in the judicial practice of the Russian Federation in terms of the qualification of crimes of a mercenary orientation.
Methods and objects of research: when analyzing the interpretation by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of self-interested motive and self-interested purpose of a crime, the formal-logical method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis were used.
Main results of research: without self-interested motive, consisting in the inducement of the guilty to extract as a result of committing a crime a benefit of a property №ature or to get rid of certain material costs, there is №o self-interested purpose, consisting in the mentally represented by the guilty result in the form of conversion of property in its own favor, the favor of other persons, the extraction of other property benefits, getting rid of material costs.
33-37
MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Mathematical modeling of conflicts
Abstract
Subject of research: conflicts of various origins.
Purpose of research: to develop a mathematical model of the conflict, to obtain a single strict definition of the conflict, allowing to formalize any conflict and describe it mathematically.
Methods and objects of research: the methods of control theory and methods of the theory of dynamical systems are used in the work. The conflict model is described by difference equations.
Main results of research: the definition of conflict is formulated, which allows to formalize any conflict. A mathematical model of conflicts is constructed. The possible ways of the conflicting parties' influence on each other are considered and analyzed. The analysis has shown that the management of conflict situations is fundamentally different from the management of technical facilities. If in management theory it is possible to influence the cause of the mismatch, then in a conflict situation, as a rule, there is no such possibility. Based on the presented model, the conflict between an employee and an employer is considered and an analysis of this conflict is carried out from the point of view of management theory. The necessary and sufficient conditions for a conflict-free state of a system with two subjects are obtained.
41-56
Mathematical modeling of conflicts
Abstract
Subject of research: conflicts of various origins.
Purpose of research: to develop a mathematical model of the conflict, to obtain a single strict definition of the conflict, allowing to formalize any conflict and describe it mathematically.
Methods and objects of research: the methods of control theory and methods of the theory of dynamical systems are used in the work. The conflict model is described by difference equations.
Main results of research: the definition of conflict is formulated, which allows to formalize any conflict. A mathematical model of conflicts is constructed. The possible ways of the conflicting parties' influence on each other are considered and analyzed. The analysis has shown that the management of conflict situations is fundamentally different from the management of technical facilities. If in management theory it is possible to influence the cause of the mismatch, then in a conflict situation, as a rule, there is no such possibility. Based on the presented model, the conflict between an employee and an employer is considered and an analysis of this conflict is carried out from the point of view of management theory. The necessary and sufficient conditions for a conflict-free state of a system with two subjects are obtained.
41-56
Issues in the use of remote sensing data in the tasks of a comprehensive study of bronze age settlements (on the example of the chelyabinsk region)
Abstract
Subject of research: is the issues of complex analysis of remote sensing data of archaeological objects obtained using several remote methods that differ in physical principles.
Purpose of research: to develop procedures for the comprehensive analysis of data on archaeological sites using modern information technologies and computer modeling, as archaeological objects used Bronze Age settlements in the Southern Trans-Urals: Verkhneuralskoye fortified settlement and Nizhneuspenskoye settlement.
Methods and objects of research: data on archaeological sites were obtained using methods of interpretation aerial photographs and satellite images, local aerial photography using unmanned aerial vehicles, photographing photographic plans of archaeological sites based on the global navigation satellite system and means of areal electromagnetic profiling by the AEMP-14 induction system.
Main results of research: the joint use of various remote sensing methods made it possible to identify several construction horizons of different times at archaeological sites and to clarify the shape and contours of settlements.
57-69
Physical and mathematical modeling dynamic pressure forces and viscous stresses in lithospheric subduction zones
Abstract
Subject of research: zones of active tectonic processes in the mantle affecting lithospheric blocks and boundaries of density inhomogeneities.
Purpose of research: to study the role of forces of dynamic non-hydrostatic pressure and viscous stresses acting in lithospheric subduction zones through physical and mathematical modeling.
Method of research: is the application of numerical thermodynamic modeling of the tectonic structure of the lithosphere and asthenosphere in the subduction zone.
Main results of research: the relative role of dynamic pressure is shown to predominate in the zones characterized by horizontally elongated mantle flows in the asthenosphere beneath the horizontally extended oceanic and continental plates. However, under micro-plates and in the vicinity of their boundaries the effects of dynamic pressure and viscous stresses are comparable. In the zones of thermal diapirs the role of viscous stresses prevails.
70-77
Building a knowledge ecosystem based on it-infrastructure of system research in energy
Abstract
Purpose of research: building a Knowledge Ecosystem in the field of energy.
Object of research: energy facilities and systems and the fuel and energy complex as a whole.
Subject of research: methods and technologies for building knowledge ecosystems.
Methods of research: mathematical and semantic (including ontological) modeling, methods for constructing knowledge bases and tools (services) for working with them.
Main results of research: the possibility of using the IT- infrastructure of systemic research in the energy field as a scientific prototype of the Knowledge Ecosystem in the energy sector is shown. The basic concepts of knowledge ecosystems are discussed using a review of foreign sources. The possibility of using the IT-infrastructure of system research in the energy sector as a scientific prototype of the knowledge ecosystem in the energy sector is shown. The development of a Knowledge Ecosystem in the energy sector is proposed based on the IT infrastructure of systems research in the energy sector and its architecture is presented, including models, tools and digital twins.
78-87
About one optimal solution example to the integrated 2d nesting and routing problem for cnc sheet cutting machines
Abstract
Subject of research: a new scientific optimization problem, tentatively called "The Integrated Nesting and Routing Problem (INRP)". INRP combines two well-known optimization problems: the problem of 2D cutting of sheet material into shaped parts (Nesting Problem) and the problem of optimal tool routing for CNC sheet cutting machines (Cutting Path Problem).
Purpose of research: to investigate the possibility of developing exact or efficient approximate algorithms for solving practical INRP problems.
Methods and objects of research: the object of the study is the mathematical formalization of the substantive formulation of the INRP, the methods are discrete optimization methods and computer-aided design methods used in systems for generating control programs.
Main results of research: the paper provides a mathematical formalization of the problem under consideration and provides a model example of designing 2D cutting for shaped parts, which, along with another practical example, shows the using feasibility an integrated cost criterion at solving the practical problems. In particular, it is show the independence the global extremum of the INRP problem from the global extremum of the nesting problem. In this regard, the question of the possibility of developing effective approximate algorithms for solving practical INRP problems was investigated.
88-101
New materials and technology
Study of the influence of the technological mode of ultrasonic pressing with low-frequency modulation on the sructure of polytetrafluoroethylene modified with boron nintiride
Abstract
Subject of research: the work presents a study of the influence of the technological mode of pressing a polymer composite material (PCM) using ultrasonic influence with a frequency of f = 17 kHz and low-frequency modulation with a frequency of f = 100 Hz on the processes of formation of the structure of polytetrafluoroethylene with hexagonal boron nitride 5 wt. %.
Purpose of research: to study the influence of the technological mode of ultrasonic pressing with low-frequency modulation on the structural parameters of a polymer composite material.
Object of research: is a synthesized polymer composite material based on polytetrafluoroethylene of the PN-20 trademark, with a density of 2.16 g/cm3 and a particle size of 20 microns, a filler of graphite-like hexagonal boron nitride containing 5 wt. %.
Methods of research: the research methodology consisted of comparing three technological modes for manufacturing samples of a polymer composite material in order to identify patterns of influence on the parameters of the supramolecular structure. The first mode is the traditional technology of pressing the material (WITHOUT US). The second mode consisted of exposure to ultrasonic vibrations f = 17 kHz without low-frequency modulation (US). The third mode is ultrasonic vibrations of 17 kHz with simultaneously superimposed low-frequency modulation of 100 Hz (US+100).
Main results of research: the influence of technological pressing modes on the structure of a polymer composite material based on polytetrafluoroethylene with the addition of hexagonal boron nitride 5 wt. %, it is shown that ultrasonic exposure at a frequency of 17 kHz with low-frequency modulation of 100 Hz leads to improved interaction of filler particles with the polymer matrix and the formation of a more uniform structure.
105-111
Laser-acoustic welding of specimens of steel 12cr18n9t
Abstract
Subject of research: ultrasonic vibrations in the processes of laser welding and surfacing.
Purpose of research: the use of ultrasonic vibrations in the processes of laser welding and surfacing.
Object of research: the structure and properties of welded joints as a result of the effects of ultrasound on a metal melt.
Methods of research: optical and electron microscopy, local elemental analysis, X-ray tomography, and a series of tensile tests were used to study the influence of vibrations on the corresponding processes
Main results of research: the possibilities of using ultrasonic vibrations in the processes of laser welding and surfacing are shown. It is shown that ultrasonic vibrations can be used in two ways: ultrasonic operational processing during welding and surfacing and post-processing of the finished weld and deposited metal. Ultrasonic action leads to a decrease in the thickness of the weld and an increase in the depth of penetration and, leads to an increase in the tensile strength of the deposited material up to 1.3 times. It is shown that the effect is due to the formation of oriented thin–lamellar structures on the surface of the samples.
112-119
Influence of temperature-time conditions of polymer pipes welding at low temperatures on the structure and properties of materials of joints part ii. Experimental studies
Abstract
Subject of research: the process of a supramolecular structure formation in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) depending on the temperature-time conditions implemented in the welding process at various air temperatures.
Purpose of research: establishing the effectiveness of the proposed technology for welding saddles to polyethylene pipes of gas pipelines at ambient temperatures below those established by regulatory documents for welding work based on a study of the relationship between temperature and time conditions, the structure and properties of materials of welded joints.
Methods and objects of research: in the second part of the work, the object of study is the process of obtaining a strong welded joint by welding a saddle branch to a polyethylene pipe of an existing gas pipeline at low temperatures. The strength of the connection is established by tensile pull tests of the welded saddles. The formation of supramolecular structures is studied by analyzing the kinetics of crystallization of melts based on the data of a differential scanning calorimeter and visualizing the formations with a scanning electron microscope.
Main results of research: it has been established that when welding saddles to polyethylene pipes of existing gas pipelines at low temperatures by preheating, equalizing temperatures with design parameters, heating in a regulated mode, and cooling under a layer of heat-insulating material of calculated thickness, a temperature-time regime is implemented that determines the structure formation of the material of the welded joint, providing the strength of the connection corresponding to welding at acceptable temperatures.
120-132
Development of technology and experience in the production of truck ball pins made of economically alloyed steel
Abstract
Subject of research: structure and properties of ball pins after heat treatment at various stages of metal processing.
Purpose of the work: research and justification of economically alloyed steel for truck ball pins.
Object of research: steering ball pin of a KAMAZ vehicle.
Methods of research: for the manufacture of ball pins, 40X direct resistance steel (40X-PV) was used, smelted from metallized pellets at the Oskol Electrometallurgical Plant (OEMK). Determination of the content of basic substances in steels of electrical elements in accordance with current standards, using Spectrolab devices Iskroline-100 and a series analyzer and device GS-800.
Main results of research: based on the study, the use of 40X steel to identify truck ball pins was justified. Technologies for plastic deformation and heat treatment of semi-finished products have been developed to ensure the desired texture and structure of tempered sorbitol. For volumetric quenching of workpieces, instead of MZM-16 oil, a quenching medium based on a water-soluble polymer was proposed, justified and introduced. The recommended solution, the implementation of ball pins for a KAMAZ vehicle, will provide an economic effect of more than 2 million US dollars. rub. and reduce the efficiency of their production.
133-140
POWER INDUSTRY
Analysis of the results of studying the quality of electric power in the electric networks of cjsc sibgazstroydetal
Abstract
Subject of research: processes occurring in electrical networks with induction heating installations.
Purpose of research: quality of electricity in electrical networks.
Object of research: electrical networks of the object of study.
Methods of research: in the process of performing research, scientific and technical generalization of literary sources according to the initial prerequisites for research, methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics were used. Experimental studies were carried out by a complex method using the Resurs-PKE device.
Main results of research: on the basis of the conducted research, it is shown that powerful electrical receivers are sources of distortion.
143-152
Analysis of the insulated self-supporting conductor obstacle
Abstract
Subject of research: In this paper, the analysis of the heterogeneity of current-conducting wires is carried out.
Purpose of research: consideration of the need to take into account the design of a self-supporting insulated wire, namely the method of setting current-conducting cores in the form of a single core or a family of wires.
Methods and objects of research: simulation of thermal processes occurring in a self-supporting insulated wire in the form of a single core and a wire family is carried out with the help of the software package ELCUT. When set in the form of a wire family, the modes of asymmetric load of the wire are also considered.
Main results of research: analysis of cross-section temperature distribution, insulation and consideration of the heating of the outer wires showed that the influence of the adjacent phases is negligible. It is found that taking into account the real constructive state of the conductor has little influence on the temperature distribution along the cross section of the wire at a frequency of 50 Hz.
153-160
The evaluation of total power factor components under non-sinusoidal conditions of industrial power supply systems with linear and nonlinear load
Abstract
Subject of research: power quality indicators, non-sinusoidal modes in power supply systems.
Purpose of research: assessment of power factor components under non-sinusoidal modes for the conditions of industrial power supply systems with linear and nonlinear loads.
Methods and objects of research: simulation modeling of electrical systems in the Matlab Simulink environment, analysis of complex non-sinusoidal modes.
Main results of research: а computer simulation model of an industrial power supply system with linear and nonlinear loads, as well as the presence of harmonic distortions from the supply network, has been developed. The dependences of the power factor components in non-sinusoidal modes on variations in the resistance of the power system and the length of the supply line connecting the source and the load node were obtained.
161-168
Modernization of the method for predicting energy consumption of minigrid load nodes by using extrapolation of the trend line obtained using wavelet transformation of the electrical load graph
Abstract
Subject of research: methods for predicting electrical load schedules.
Purpose of research: improvement of the forecasting method for assessing the growth of minigrid energy consumption.
Methods and objects of research: elements of the theory of wavelet transform of time series, approximation methods were adopted as a research method.
Main results of research: as a result of the study, the method for predicting the load power of an isolated low-power electrical system (minigrid) was modernized; as an element of modernization, the use of wavelet transforms for filtering the high-frequency component of the power consumption graph is proposed. The paper also discusses the basic principles of operation of wavelet transforms, their advantages and possibilities of application in forecasting problems, and also provides an example of the successful use of this method.
169-175
