Vol 20, No 2 (2024)

Subject of research: forms of preventive influence used in educational colonies in relation to groups of minors whose activities are focused on committing crimes and other offenses.

Purpose of research: to analyze the complex of forms of preventive influence used at the present stage of development of the penal system in relation to delinquent groups of convicts in educational colonies, to identify shortcomings in their implementation, to propose a number of new forms of prevention for the practice of educational colonies that can affect the group delinquent activity of juvenile convicts.

Methods and objects of research: the basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, along with which formal-legal, logical and systemic-structural methods were used; when considering individual issues of prevention, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction were used.

Main results of research: it is proposed to normatively consolidate and in the process of prevention consider the group of convicted offenders held in a correctional colony as the main object of preventive influence. The limitations of preventive forms that the administration of the educational colony has the ability to use are established. The conclusion is drawn about the inconsistency of federal legislation and by-laws in the field of prevention of group crimes and other offenses of convicts. The directions for improving the forms of preventive influence are revealed, which are based on proposals for including in such a process the disengagement and reorientation of offending groups. For practical purposes, circumstances are given that may complicate the use of these forms of influence.

Subject of research: the article considers the issue of the essence of administrative prejudice in the criminal law of Russia and Belarus.

Purpose of research: to determine the meaning of administrative prejudice in criminal law and its place in the structure of the corpus delicti of a crime, as well as to correlate administrative prejudice and other institutes of criminal law.

Methods and objects of research: in conducting the research the traditional methods of socio-legal and formal-dogmatic analysis were used: documentary, historical-legal, analytical, systematic, logical.

Main results of research: the author considers administrative prejudice in the general context of crime and its substantive features, determines the place of administrative prejudice in the structure of the corpus delicti. Separately the question of criteria of criminalization of acts in criminal law, understanding of criminal law in a broad sense, differentiation of crime and offense is revealed. The legal nature of administrative prejudice, its connection with public danger and insignificance of a deed is shown, the main features of acts, which are characterized by signs of administrative prejudice, are disclosed. Special attention in the work is paid to the analysis of subjective signs of administrative prejudice, the establishment of recommendations on the application of the norms of criminal law in this part and qualification of unlawful acts. The basic provisions of the science of criminal law are given and specific measures to improve the current criminal legislation are proposed.

Subject of research: methods for predicting power consumption parameters.

Purpose of research: to determine the optimal method for predicting power consumption and power quality parameters based on methods of analysis and synthesis.

Object of research: methods for predicting parameters of power consumption and power quality based on neural networks.

Main results of research: In recent years, forecasting power consumption and power quality parameters has become a very important topic, both from a technological and economic point of view. Forecasting electrical energy consumption ensures the most balanced operation of the electrical network, as well as correct work with electricity suppliers. As a consequence, such forecasting must be carried out with high accuracy. The paper presents a study of the state of the issue in forecasting power consumption and power quality parameters. Forecasting methods are considered and the most optimal ones for forecasting power consumption and power quality parameters are determined. It has been established that the most suitable method for solving problems of forecasting power consumption and power quality parameters at the point of connection is the forecasting method using neural networks.

Subject of research: This paper considers an example of solving the Steiner problem for the design of utilities, in particular, power lines.

Purpose of research: The study is electrical networks. The study is to assess the suitability of using genetic algorithms to find the network connection scheme with the lowest total active power losses.

Methods and objects of research: Heuristic methods of population optimization are applied as a research method.

Main results of research: As a result of the work, the suitability of applying genetic algorithms to solve the Steiner problem on the example of an electrical network to minimize total power losses has been evaluated.

Subject of research: intelligent coating to protect oil refining equipment from corrosion, its protective and operational properties.

Purpose of research: to develop the composition of an intelligent coating to protect oil refining equipment from corrosion, to study its basic operational characteristics, to test protective properties in aggressive environments.

Methods and objects of research: samples made of 09G2C steel used for the manufacture of technological equipment of oil refineries and petrochemical plants, coated with various protective compositions to determine the main characteristics of the composition of the intelligent coating. To study the operational properties, a technique has been developed using magnetic stirrers that simulate the repeated interaction of a corrosive medium with samples.

Main results of research: according to the results of climatic tests and chemical resistance of coatings in a corrosive environment, the most effective composition of the base of an intelligent coating with the best protective characteristics has been established and its necessary adhesive properties have been determined.

Purpose of research: to obtain chitosan films with improved performance properties by using water activated by an electromagnetic field of the radio frequency range as a solvent.

Objects of research: water activated by an electromagnetic field of the radio frequency range (90-200 MHz), as well as chitosan solutions and films obtained using it.

Methods of research: conductometry, potentiometry, densitometry, viscometry, turbidimetry, gravimetry, IR spectroscopy are used in the work. To determine the deformation and strength characteristics of the films, a universal testing machine with an electromechanical drive УТС-110M was used.

Main results of research: The effect of pretreatment of water with an electromagnetic field of various frequencies on the properties of acetic acid (2 %) chitosan solutions in the concentration range of 0.1-2.0% has been studied. A decrease in surface tension by 2.0–5.2 % was found, as well as an increase in light transmission by 10-30 % and viscosity of solutions by 24-37 % at a chitosan concentration of 1.0-2.0 %. These effects are most pronounced for frequencies of 70, 90, 110 and 130 MHz. Films were prepared from 2 % chitosan solutions and their deformation-strength and sorption characteristics with respect to water vapor were determined. The greatest increase in tensile strength was found for chitosan films obtained from solutions prepared on water activated by an electromagnetic field with frequencies of 70 and 110 MHz (38 and 23 %, respectively). A decrease in the hygroscopicity of films and an increase in the intensity of bands in the IR spectra of films obtained using activated water were found.

The relevance of the research is due to the need to establish the root cause of climate change on Earth and predict changes in heliocosmic, climatic variables, natural disasters by intramental measurements and paleodata, as time series, for long intervals of the time horizon in the phase domain, taking into account their cyclicity and interdependence of changes.

Purpose of research: application of the time series analysis method of the time series to establish the strength of the influence of the barycentric movements of the Sun on the variability of heliocosmic, climatic variables, natural disasters and fires, high-precision prediction of variables in the phase-time domain for long horizons of hundreds and thousands of years by instrumental measurements and paleodata.

Objects of research: time series of changes in heliocosmic and climatic variables, natural disasters and fires, curves of changes in climatic changes obtained by analysis of ice cores in Antarctica and bottom sediments in Antarctica.

Methods of research: wavelet phase-frequency and phase-time analysis of images of heliocosmic and climatic variables, natural disasters and fires; calculation of the consistency of changes in selected groups on a set of phase-time characteristics of variables in a sliding mode.

Main results of research: In the images of wavelet phase-time functions of many variables constructed from observations in 1600–2010, Jose periods of ~178 years were found, which are contained in changes in the characteristics of barycentric movements of the Sun, solar activity, solar constant, $C{O}_2, N_{2}O$ El Nino, solar wind, the level of the Caspian Sea, temperature in Greenland, the speed of rotation of the Earth, snow accumulation rates in the Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica, global temperature; cyclicity of changes in heliocosmic and climatic variables are consistent with changes in Baricentre; there is a significant difference in the consistency of changes in the phase-time characteristics of variables obtained at the southern hot and northern cold latitudes of the planet by about 2.1 times; in the northern part of the planet, changes in variables are more chaotic, due to the different influence of changes in the Baricentre variable, the magnetic fields of the Sun and the Earth on the variability of variables at different latitudes of the planet; significant variability and resonances of the phase characteristics of heliocosmic and climatic variables are observed by changes in Baricentre on the graphs of coordinated changes in groups of variables in the observed and predicted time intervals. The studies reveal multiple oscillatory responses of the Earth’s climate system to the impact of the Baricentre variable due to the heterogeneity of its components and the Earth’s magnetosphere in space. Changes in the set of phase-time characteristics of variables on the same graph in the observed and predicted time intervals in the interval ± π are displayed as changes in autowaves characteristic of self-organizing systems, characterizing climatic changes in environments in combination with the influence of the variable Baricentre.

Subject of research: the formation of an alternative opinion in coalitions of highly qualified specialists.

Purpose of research: development of a numerical method for the formation of an alternative opinion in coalitions of highly qualified specialists using a relative utility indicator and its subsequent implementation in the form of a computer program.

Methods of research: survey, formalization, system analysis, correlation analysis, Hamming criterion, natural experiment, object-oriented programming.

Main results of research: 1. The approach proposed by the author, based on combining methods of mathematical statistics and taking into account the individual competencies of experts, provides new opportunities for the formation of an alternative opinion in coalitions of experts and allows for increased efficiency in decision-making. 2. Verification of the developed numerical method was carried out using the example of a survey of police officers regarding violators of security systems in the field of critical information infrastructure. 3. A computer program has been developed that implements the created method. 4. The study revealed that the relative usefulness indicator of the j-th expert provides an opportunity to form alternative expert positions that have a reliable generalized opinion. 5. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of a computer program that can be used to conduct expert surveys and obtain reliable expert assessments based on them.

Subject of research: methods of maintenance and adjustment of relay protection and automation devices (RPA) in electrical power systems.

Purpose of research: analysis of existing maintenance and adjustment methods, development of proposals for their optimization to increase the efficiency and reliability of electrical power systems.

Methods of research: the research used methods of analysis of regulatory documents, survey of specialists and analysis of publications.

Main results of research: identification of a lack of standardization of procedures, problems with personnel qualifications and the discrepancy of some devices with the declared characteristics. The findings highlight the need to develop unified approaches to maintenance and commissioning, as well as improve the professional training of specialists. The results of the study can be used to improve the practices of maintenance and adjustment of relay protection and automation systems, which helps to increase the reliability of electric power systems.