Yugra State University Bulletin

The issue of the prosecutor's position in criminal proceedings has always been one of the controversial issues, which is associated with changes in criminal proceedings in various historical periods of the development of our legislation. With the adoption of the Constitution in 1993, despite the fact that the provisions on the court and the prosecutor's office were combined into one chapter, the independence of the courts was proclaimed, the norms on the prosecutor's appeal of illegal and unfounded decisions, sentences, decisions, and court orders were transferred from the Soviet Law on the "Prosecutor's Office" to the current act.

The purpose of the study is to study the activities of public prosecutors in criminal proceedings when courts consider cases at first instance, to identify and analyze the problems that arise when supporting the state prosecution and to put forward specific proposals for their resolution.

Subject of the study: legal norms regulating the issues of the prosecutor's participation in the consideration of criminal cases by courts of first instance, as well as theoretical works devoted to this issue. Research methods: the methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, analytical, comparative legal, statistical and sociological methods, the method of legal modeling.

Main results of the research: a special role should be given to the preparation of the prosecutor for the trial. In this regard, it is necessary to create conditions for this - to establish a minimum period before the start of the trial, during which the prosecutor must be instructed to maintain the prosecution. It was revealed that the current criminal procedure law contains an indication of the possibility of maintaining the prosecution by several state prosecutors, but there is no concept of a group of state prosecutors, legal regulation of the activities of such a group.       

Subject of research: the norms of Russian criminal law on responsibility for actions committed out of hooligan motives, the practice of their application, as well as the views of researchers on the issue under consideration.

Purpose of research: is to formulate scientifically based conclusions about the prerequisites for criminalizing hooliganism as an independent crime.

Research methods: the methodological basis consists of the dialectical method of scientific cognition and the methods of formal logic, as well as some private scientific methods used in the humanities. Thus, the historical and legal method was used to consider the evolution of criminal liability for hooliganism, and the comparative legal method was used to compare approaches to the qualification of hooliganism in different historical periods.

Object of research: public relations in the field of countering crimes committed for hooligan motives.

Research findings: throughout the history of criminal law, the hooligan motive has been considered as an aggravating circumstance for many crimes. The criminalization of hooliganism as an independent crime is determined not by a gap in criminal legislation, but by the state's need for an effective tool to curb public forms of expression of social protest.

Subject of research: the article deals with theoretical-legal and doctrinal problems of understanding the signs of crime as a central institute of criminal law. The essence and content of the concept of "crime" and its constituent elements are revealed from ontological positions.

Purpose of research: the aim of the article is to rationally and critically examine the trends in the development of criminal law, to identify the current patterns and scope of criminal law regulation.

Research methods: formal-dogmatic, historical-legal.

Object of research: crime as a social construct in criminal law.

Research findings: trends in the development of the theory of crime have been outlined in the context of the global instrumentalization of criminal law and the unification of modern legal systems. It is emphasized that not public danger is the essence of crime, but the harm caused. The harm caused as a result of committing an unlawful act is directly related to the social values that are subjected to criminal influence. Accordingly, the harm caused and the values protected should predetermine the contours of the crime. The content of harm is based on the concept of the interdependence of the individual and society, as the basis of crime is based on the moral censure of unauthorized acts that violate existing values. Since a person is a part of society, harm is not only individual, but is also capable of generating a social reaction to certain events. By causing harm to others, the perpetrator neglects the sense of social responsibility. Harm is the only measure of crime, which, although it does not have a constant value, but allows to establish the boundaries of criminal-legal impact.

Subject of research: multimodal processing of video lectures using multi-agent systems. The article focuses on intermediate results of the research, including an overview of the concepts of multimodality, multi-agent systems, and multi-model systems, as well as the development of approaches to processing video data from lectures.

Purpose of research: transformation of all relevant information from a video lecture into a text document to form an accompanying lecture summary. The goal is to develop an effective data processing cycle, taking into account differences in video lecture formats.

Research methods: selection of the «Orchestrator-Performer» pattern (Orchestrator-Worker Pattern) with a large language model (LLM) in the role of the orchestrator. Overview of alternative approaches, namely the peer-to-peer decentralized pattern and the hybrid pattern, with justification for choosing the orchestrator approach to ensure consistent processing and fault tolerance. Integration of pipeline video stream processing into a multi-agent system (hybrid approach).

The objects of research in this article are video lectures of three main types, serving as sources of multimodal data for analysis and processing. The first type – «Lecturer and Presentation» – includes video recordings where the lecturer is positioned to the left or right of the accompanying presentation, with an emphasis on the visual combination of the human figure and slides. The second type – «Presentation and Voiceover» – focuses on theoretical material presented on the presentation slides, with explanation off-screen through the audio track. The third type – «Lecturer and Blackboard» – covers recordings where the lecturer writes material on a classic chalk or marker board, emphasizing handwritten input of information.

Research findings: An architecture for a multi-agent system has been developed and justified based on the «Orchestrator-Performer» pattern with a hybrid approach, integrating pipeline video processing into a multi-agent environment for effective task distribution and load management. Models and tools have been selected and described, namely orchestrators, audio processing models, OCR, taking into account lecture types for adaptive pipelines. The functioning of agents is described, including initialization, interaction with the orchestrator, parallel audio/video processing, and aggregation of results into a text document with the possibility of downloading/printing.

Subject of research: inverse problems concerning the determination of an absorption coefficient in a parabolic equation from discrete (pointwise) data.

Purpose of research: establishing the well-posedness of the problem of determining the lower-order coefficient in a parabolic equation from pointwise overdetermination conditions; proving the existence and uniqueness of a solution in Sobolev spaces.

Research methods: a priori estimates, Schauder’s fixed-point theorem, and the theory of parabolic operators.

Objects of research: parabolic equations with an unknown absorption coefficient represented as a linear combination of known functions with unknown coefficients.

Research findings: a theorem on the existence and uniqueness of solutions in Sobolev spaces is proven, and a priori estimates are derived. The method is constructive and can serve as a foundation for developing a numerical algorithm for the approximate solution of the inverse problem.

Subject of research: mathematical model of plate bending under longitudinal-transverse load.

Purpose of research: to develop an asymptotically optimal method for solving a fourth-order elliptic boundary value problem in a geometrically complex domain in the presence of a Dirichlet boundary condition.

Research method: the paper develops a method of iterative extensions to find the bending of a plate under longitudinal and transverse load on an elastic base.

Object of research: the bending of a plate described by a mathematical model in the form of an elliptical boundary value problem of the fourth order in a field of geometrically complex shape with the obligatory presence of a Dirichlet boundary condition.

Research findings: a method was developed that is asymptotically optimal in terms of the number of operations, based on the iterative expansion method for calculating plate bending under longitudinal-transverse load. The problem being solved continued fictitiously, the continued problem was approximated by finite element methods and partial approximation. The solution of a discrete extended problem was iteratively approached by solutions of extended problems. The asymptotic optimality of the proposed method has been experimentally verified by computer calculations.