Yugra State University Bulletin

The subject of research is the norms of Russian criminal legislation related to the illegal circulation of information containing personal data and the judicial practice of their application, both before and after the inclusion of Article 272.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

The purpose of the research is to compare the qualification of crimes related to the illegal circulation of information containing personal data before and after the inclusion of Article 272.1 in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; to identify the qualification problems caused by its introduction, and to develop proposals for their resolution

Research methods: dialectical, formal-legal, comparative-legal, system-structural, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, as well as the method of formalization.

The object of research is the social relations that arise in connection with the protection of personal data from unauthorized access, illegal use, collection, copying, storage, and transfer to other persons.

Research findings: it has been established that the inclusion of Article 272.1 in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation has only partially resolved the problems of qualifying the illegal circulation of personal data that existed before. The qualification of certain manifestations of such crimes is contradictory, which leads to errors in judicial practice. To address the identified issues, it is proposed to expand the qualifying features of the crime under Part 3 of Article 272.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation by including the indication of the commission of an act against two or more persons and against personal data that simultaneously constitute commercial, banking, or other legally protected secrets. The need to summarize judicial practice under this criminal law article and develop recommendations for the qualification of illegal circulation of personal data is also justified.

Subject of research: the theoretical foundations for determining the direct object of bribery, provisions of Russian criminal law establishing liability for bribery, decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, and clarifications of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on anti-corruption issues.

Purpose of research: to formulate a universal definition of the direct object of bribery, based on which to develop recommendations for qualifying individual actions committed at various stages of bribery.

Research methods: The use of a formal logic method allowed for an analysis of the article's provisions and the practical application of legislative provisions concerning criminal liability for bribery. The application of formal logic, comparative legal, and systemic methods allowed for the drawing of conclusions and formulating proposals, which are contained in the main results of the study.

Object of research: public relations in the sphere of regulating the grounds and procedures for remuneration of officials.

Research findings: a clarified definition of the direct object of bribe-taking – social relations regulating the grounds and procedures for remunerating an official for actions (inaction) made possible by their official position and committed using this official position. The nature of the object of the crime also determines the objective aspect of bribe-taking, which includes a single-act action involving the direct acceptance of material assets by the individual.

Based on the clarified nature of the object and the objective aspect of this crime, a number of rules for qualifying the actions of the official receiving the bribe were formulated.

Subject of research: patterns, forms, and motives of criminogenic audience participation in destructive new media practices, in particular, live demonstrations of dangerous and humiliating actions that a blogger commits against himself or other people (trash stream).

Purpose of research: based on a comprehensive criminological analysis of the phenomenon of a co-participating trash stream audience, determine the limits of the criminal law assessment of its actions and propose optimal preventive measures.

Research methods: the research is based on dialectical and systematic approaches. General scientific (analysis, synthesis) and specific scientific (comparative legal, specific sociological) methods are used. The empirical base comprises the results of the author’s survey, content analysis of Telegram channels, as well as an analysis of judicial practice.

Objects of research: the complicit audience of trash streams, creators of destructive content (streamers, bloggers), digital platforms (Telegram, YouTube), as well as the norms of Russian criminal and administrative legislation.

Research findings: the paper substantiates that the audience of new media acts not as a passive observer, but as an active accomplice in the criminogenic system of «platform – content producer – viewer». Three forms of complicity are identified and analyzed: financial (donations), informational-approving (likes, comments, reposts) and behavioral-imitative (reproduction of deviant scenarios). A set of motives for complicity is revealed: entertainment, instrumental motive, herd instinct, identification with the aggressor, unawareness of harm. The inexpediency of mass criminal prosecution of the complicit audience is proved due to the principle of economy of repression and procedural impossibility. A system of preventive measures is proposed, including blocking financial flows (donations) through a register of unscrupulous streamers, liability of advertisers, identification of recipients of large sums (KYC procedures) and formation of «digital immunity» among the population.

Subject of research: the volume of memory occupied by patient data in the regional medical information system.

Purpose of research: improving the efficiency of monitoring and maintenance of the regional medical information system of the Tyumen region.

Research methods: examination of the internal architecture of the regional medical information system of the Tyumen region and existing monitoring methods; development of mechanisms for collecting counters from the operating system, PostgreSQL DBMS, and the 1C platform; conducting an experimental analysis of the data storage structure; statistical processing of performance indicators and evaluation of the efficiency of using indexing mechanisms.

Objects of research: the regional medical information system of the Tyumen region, operating on the 1C platform and PostgreSQL DBMS; metadata objects of the "1C: Medicine" configuration (directories, documents, and information registers) storing patient data; the developed server-side monitoring system.

Research findings: quantitative data on the current volume occupied by patient data and the dynamics of its change were obtained; a specialized monitoring system capable of tracking key metrics of the regional medical information system in real time was developed and implemented; based on the collected data, predictive models for the growth of the database volume were constructed, enabling resource planning (disk space, performance); an automatic alert mechanism for critical trends was created, helping to prevent incidents related to resource shortages; the analysis results were evaluated and can be used to optimize data storage and system architecture.

Subject of research: numerical methods for solving micropolar fluid dynamics equations applied to three-dimensional flows in confined cavities.

Purpose of research: development and testing of a finite-difference algorithm for modeling three-dimensional micropolar fluid flow in a cubic lid-driven cavity, ensuring stability and high accuracy.

Research methods: the finite difference method on a uniform grid with an upwind scheme for convective terms is used; the coupled system of Navier-Stokes and microrotation equations is solved using the projection method for pressure; verification is performed by comparison with the analytical solution for a Newtonian fluid and convergence analysis on successively refined grids.

Objects of research: three-dimensional micropolar fluid flow in a cubic lid-driven cavity; the influence of the micropolarity parameter on the flow structure and dissipative characteristics.

Research findings: the developed method demonstrates second-order spatial convergence; the relative error in the central cross-section of the cavity compared to the analytical solution for a Newtonian fluid does not exceed 2.4×10^-4. It is established that an increase in the micropolarity parameter leads to a nonlinear deformation of the velocity profile (deviation up to 18 % at N = 0.9) and an increase in integral dissipation by a factor of 2.8. The algorithm is stable within the ranges Re ∈ [1,50], N ∈ [0,0.9], m ∈ [0.1,0.5].

Subject of research: thermal process of welding saddle bends to polyethylene pipes at low climatic temperatures in open air without the use of a thermal insulation layer.

Purpose of research: using mathematical modeling of the temperature field evolution during saddle bend welding to a polyethylene pipe at low air temperatures, to demonstrate the feasibility of controlling the crystallization of the weld material and heat-affected zone using an embedded heater and to develop methods for determining the parameters and functions for controlling the thermal process.

Research methods: solving direct and inverse heat conduction problems to determine the preheating parameters and heater power during the cooling stage at low temperatures. The effectiveness of controlling weld material crystallization is evaluated through mechanical testing of the joints.

Objects of research: preheating, temperature equalization, and heating of the joint, as well as crystallization during welding of a saddle bend to a polyethylene pipe.

Research findings: methods for determining heating parameters and controlling material crystallization during saddle welding of polyethylene pipes have been developed. It has been demonstrated that the strength of joints produced using the proposed saddle welding technology at temperatures below standard is comparable to that of joints produced at acceptable temperatures.

Subject of research: an algorithm for adaptive semantics-oriented quantization of deep neural networks that ensures the separability of objects with a high degree of visual similarity.

Purpose of research: to develop an adaptive semantics-oriented quantization algorithm with minimal loss of recognition accuracy for objects in hard-to-distinguish classes and a high degree of compression in the digital implementation.

Research methods: numerical analysis of the normalized matrix of identification errors for objects of overlapping classes. Evaluation of the contribution of weight tensors to class separability in feature space to determine the semantic significance of neural network layers. Heterogeneous distribution of the bit depth of weight coefficients and intermediate activations based on estimates of the cumulative sensitivity curve parameters. Quantization-Aware Training procedure with selective freezing of detection layers.

Objects of research: methods for compressing deep neural networks in computer vision.

Research findings: a heterogeneous bit-depth distribution, preserving the FP32 (32-bit floating-point) format only for 29 % of semantically significant layers, allows maintaining recognition accuracy (Mean Average Precision, mAP@0.5) at 98.6 % of the accuracy of the baseline, unquantized model. The method proposed in this work, tested on the YOLOv8n architecture, achieves a 2.78-fold compression of the FP32 model. Furthermore, for hard-to-distinguish objects, it outperforms the standard PTQ (Post-Training Quantization) and the homogeneous approach QAT (Quantization-Aware Training) in terms of recall (the proportion of correctly detected objects of a given class) and the F1 score (the harmonic mean of precision and recall, in the range [0, 1]).