卷 30, 编号 2 (2024)

It is crucial that novel and efficient drug delivery techniques be created in order to improve the pharmacological profiles of a wide variety of classes of medicinal compounds. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently come to the forefront as an innovative and very effective technique for transporting and translocating medicinal compounds. CNTs were suggested and aggressively researched as multifunctional novel transporters designed for targeted pharmaceutical distribution and used in diagnosis. CNTs can act as vectors for direct administration of pharmaceuticals, particularly chemotherapeutic medications. Multi-walled CNTs make up the great majority of CNT transporters, and these CNTs were used in techniques to target cancerous cells. It is possible to employ Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to transport bioactive peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and medicines by functionalizing them with these substances. Due to their low toxicity and absence of immunogenicity, carbon nanotubes are not immunogenic. Ammonium-functionalized carbon nanotubes are also attractive vectors for gene-encoding nucleic acids. CNTs that have been coupled with antigenic peptides have the potential to be developed into a novel and efficient approach for the use of synthetic vaccines. CNTs bring up an enormous number of new avenues for future medicine development depending on targets within cells, which have until now been difficult to access. This review focuses on the numerous applications of various CNT types used as medicine transport systems and on the utilization of CNTs for therapeutical purposes.

Nanocosmetics have attracted a considerable audience towards natural care due to their low cost, target-specific delivery, and reduced toxicity compared to chemical-based cosmetics. Nanofomulations, including nanoemulsions, nanotubes, and polymeric carriers, have become next-generation products explored for the multifaced applications of nanotechnology in skin care. The rise in the cosmetic industry demands innovative and personalized products designed using nanocarriers for better targeting and improving patient compliance. Furthermore, nanocosmetics increase the efficiency of skin permeation active ingredient entrapment, providing better UV protection. Moreover, it offers controlled drug release, targeting active sites and enhancing physical stability. Further, overcoming the drawback of penetration problems makes them sustainable formulations for precision medicine. Skincare nourishment with nanocosmetics using Indian spices helps to maintain, beautify, and rejuvenate human skin. Nanophytopharmaceuticals extracted from plants, including alkaloids, flavonoids, antioxidants, and volatile oils, are essential phyto-products for skin care. Nano herbals and nanocosmetics are a growing market and gift of nature that nourishes and cures skin ailments like acne, pemphigus, anti-aging, albinism, psoriasis, and fungal infections. The emerging concern is highlighted in the investigation of nanoformulation toxicity and safety concerns in skin care. Further, it helps to manifest research, development, and innovation in expanding the scope of herbal industries.

Background::The use of naturally occurring bioactive materials is getting great attention owing to their safety and environmental properties. Oily compounds, known as oleoresins, are expected to provide an important source for the natural products industry aiming to develop novel treatments for skin conditions. In this work, Capsicum annuum oleoresin nanoemulgel formulations have been prepared and investigated for their antibacterial and anticancer properties.

Methodology::Several C. annuum oleoresin nanoemulgel formulations were prepared by incorporating a Carbopol 940 gel in a self-nanoemulsifying nanoemulsion consisting of C. annuum, tween 80, and span 80. The systems were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and rheology. The in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the optimum formulation were evaluated.

Results::The selected formulation is composed of 40% tween, 10% span 80, and 40% C. annuum oleoresin. This formulation produced a stable nanoemulsion with a narrow PDI value of 0.179 ± 0.08 and a droplet size of 104.0 ± 2.6 nm. Results of the in vitro antimicrobial studies indicated high potency of the systems against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (zone of inhibition of 29 ± 1.9 mm), E. coli (33 ± 0.9 mm), K. pneumonia (30 ± 1.4 mm), and C. albicans (21 ± 1.5 mm), as compared to the reference antibiotic, ampicillin (18 ± 1.4 mm against K. pneumonia), and antifungal agent, fluconazole (12 ± 0.1 mm against C. albicans). Furthermore, cytotoxicity results, expressed as IC50 values, revealed that the oleoresin and its nanoemulgel had the best effects against the HepG2 cell line (IC50 value of 79.43 µg/mL for the nanoemulgel) and MCF7 (IC50 value of 57.54 µg/mL), and the most potent effect was found against 3T3 (IC50 value of 45.7 µg/m- L). On the other side, the system did not substantially exhibit activity against By-61 and Hela.

Conclusion::C. annuum oleoresin and its nanoemulgel can be considered valuable sources for the discovery of new antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer compounds in the pharmaceutical industry, especially due to their potent activity against various cancer cell lines as well as bacterial and fungal strains.