Human Data on Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Cannabinoids: A Narrative Review


如何引用文章

全文:

详细

Concomitant use of cannabinoids with other drugs may result in pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions, mainly due to the mechanism involving Phase I and Phase II enzymes and/or efflux transporters. Cannabinoids are not only substrates but also inhibitors or inducers of some of these enzymes and/or transporters. This narrative review aims to provide the available information reported in the literature regarding human data on the pharmacokinetic interactions of cannabinoids with other medications. A search on Pubmed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library was performed. Some studies were identified with Google search. Additional articles of interest were obtained through cross-referencing of published literature. All original research papers discussing interactions between cannabinoids, used for medical or recreational/adult-use purposes, and other medications in humans were included. Thirty-two studies with medicinal or recreational/adult-use cannabis were identified (seventeen case reports/series, thirteen clinical trials, and two retrospective analyses). In three of these studies, a bidirectional pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction was reported. In the rest of the studies, cannabinoids were the perpetrators, as in most of them, concentrations of cannabinoids were not measured. In light of the widespread use of prescribed and non-prescribed cannabinoids with other medications, pharmacokinetic interactions are likely to occur. Physicians should be aware of these potential interactions and closely monitor drug levels and/or responses. The existing literature regarding pharmacokinetic interactions is limited, and for some drugs, studies have relatively small cohorts or are only case reports. Therefore, there is a need for high-quality pharmacological studies on cannabinoid-drug interactions.

作者简介

Cecilia Maldonado

Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Raquel Peyraube

, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable - MEC

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Pietro Fagiolino

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Florencia Oricchio

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Leticia Cuñetti

Kidney Transplant Unit,, Nephrology and Urology Institute

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Marta Vázquez

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry,, Universidad de la República

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

参考

  1. Chayasirisobhon S. Mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetics of cannabis. Perm J 2020; 25: 1-3. PMID: 33635755
  2. Devinsky O, Patel AD, Cross JH, et al. Effect of cannabidiol on drop seizures in the lennox-gastaut syndrome. N Engl J Med 2018; 378(20): 1888-97. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1714631 PMID: 29768152
  3. Devinsky O, Cross JH, Wright S. Trial of cannabidiol for drug-resistant seizures in the dravet syndrome. N Engl J Med 2017; 377(7): 699-700. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1708349 PMID: 28813226
  4. Hess EJ, Moody KA, Geffrey AL, et al. Cannabidiol as a new treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsia 2016; 57(10): 1617-24. doi: 10.1111/epi.13499 PMID: 27696387
  5. Argueta DA, Ventura CM, Kiven S, Sagi V, Gupta K. A balanced approach for cannabidiol use in chronic pain. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11: 561. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00561 PMID: 32425793
  6. Villanueva MRB, Joshaghani N, Villa N, et al. Efficacy, safety, and regulation of cannabidiol on chronic pain: A systematic review. Cureus 2022; 14(7): e26913. doi: 10.7759/cureus.26913 PMID: 35860716
  7. Larsen C, Shahinas J. Dosage, efficacy and safety of cannabidiol administration in adults: A systematic review of human trials. J Clin Med Res 2020; 12(3): 129-41. doi: 10.14740/jocmr4090 PMID: 32231748
  8. Leweke FM, Piomelli D, Pahlisch F, et al. Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2(3): e94. doi: 10.1038/tp.2012.15 PMID: 22832859
  9. Chagas MHN, Zuardi AW, Tumas V, et al. Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease: An exploratory double-blind trial. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28(11): 1088-98. doi: 10.1177/0269881114550355 PMID: 25237116
  10. Mortimer TL, Mabin T, Engelbrecht AM. Cannabinoids: The lows and the highs of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Future Oncol 2019; 15(9): 1035-49. doi: 10.2217/fon-2018-0530 PMID: 30720344
  11. Naftali T, Mechulam R, Marii A, et al. Low-dose cannabidiol is safe but not effective in the treatment for Crohn’s disease, a randomized controlled trial. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62(6): 1615-20. doi: 10.1007/s10620-017-4540-z PMID: 28349233
  12. Buchtova T, Lukac D, Skrott Z, Chroma K, Bartek J, Mistrik M. Drug-drug interactions of cannabidiol with standard-of-care chemotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24(3): 2885. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032885 PMID: 36769206
  13. Pisanti S, Malfitano AM, Ciaglia E, et al. Cannabidiol: State of the art and new challenges for therapeutic applications. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 175: 133-50. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.041 PMID: 28232276
  14. Lucas CJ, Galettis P, Schneider J. The pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84(11): 2477-82. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13710 PMID: 30001569
  15. Ohlsson A, Lindgren JE, Andersson S, Agurell S, Gillespie H, Hollister LE. Single-dose kinetics of deuterium-labelled cannabidiol in man after smoking and intravenous administration. Biol Mass Spectrom 1986; 13(2): 77-83. doi: 10.1002/bms.1200130206 PMID: 2937482
  16. Huestis MA. Human cannabinoid pharmacokinetics. Chem Biodivers 2007; 4(8): 1770-804. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.200790152 PMID: 17712819
  17. Martin JH, Schneider J, Lucas CJ, Galettis P. Exogenous cannabinoid efficacy: Merely a pharmacokinetic interaction? Clin Pharmacokinet 2018; 57(5): 539-45. doi: 10.1007/s40262-017-0599-0 PMID: 28921125
  18. Gieringer D, St. Laurent S, Goodrich S. Cannabis vaporizer combines efficient delivery of THC with effective suppression of pyrolytic compounds. J Cannabis Ther 2004; 1: 7-27. doi: 10.1300/J175v04n01_02
  19. Dev A, Mundke SS, Pawar PK, Mohanty S. Critical aspects in sublingual route of drug delivery. Pharm Biol Eval 2016; 3(1): 42-9.
  20. Mahmoudinoodezh H, Telukutla SR, Bhangu SK, Bachari A, Cavalieri F, Mantri N. The transdermal delivery of therapeutic cannabinoids. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14(2): 438. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020438 PMID: 35214170
  21. Mattes RD, Shaw LM, Edling-Owens J, Engelman K, Elsohly MA. Bypassing the first-pass effect for the therapeutic use of cannabinoids. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1993; 44(3): 745-7. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(93)90194-X PMID: 8383856
  22. Beers JL, Fu D, Jackson KD. Cytochrome P450-catalyzed metabolism of cannabidiol to the active metabolite 7-hydroxy- cannabidiol. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49(10): 882-91. doi: 10.1124/dmd.120.000350 PMID: 34330718
  23. Smith RT, Gruber SA. Contemplating cannabis? The complex relationship between cannabinoids and hepatic metabolism resulting in the potential for drug-drug interactions. Front Psychiatry 2023; 13: 1055481. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1055481 PMID: 36704740
  24. Ujváry I, Hanuš L. Human metabolites of cannabidiol: A review on their formation, biological activity, and relevance in therapy. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2016; 1(1): 90-101. doi: 10.1089/can.2015.0012 PMID: 28861484
  25. Mazur A, Lichti CF, Prather PL, et al. Characterization of human hepatic and extrahepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes involved in the metabolism of classic cannabinoids. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 37(7): 1496-504. doi: 10.1124/dmd.109.026898 PMID: 19339377
  26. Lucas CJ, Galettis P, Song S, et al. Cannabinoid disposition after human intraperitoneal use: An insight into intraperitoneal pharmacokinetic properties in metastatic cancer. Clin Ther 2018; 40(9): 1442-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.12.008 PMID: 29317112
  27. Rosenberg EC, Tsien RW, Whalley BJ, Devinsky O. Cannabinoids and epilepsy. Neurotherapeutics 2015; 12(4): 747-68. doi: 10.1007/s13311-015-0375-5 PMID: 26282273
  28. Zhornitsky S, Potvin S. Cannabidiol in humans-the quest for therapeutic targets. Pharmaceuticals 2012; 5(5): 529-52. doi: 10.3390/ph5050529 PMID: 24281562
  29. Jiang R, Yamaori S, Okamoto Y, Yamamoto I, Watanabe K. Cannabidiol is a potent inhibitor of the catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 2C19. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 28(4): 332-8. doi: 10.2133/dmpk.DMPK-12-RG-129 PMID: 23318708
  30. Doohan PT, Oldfield LD, Arnold JC, Anderson LL. Cannabinoid interactions with cytochrome P450 drug metabolism: A full-spectrum characterization. AAPS J 2021; 23(4): 91. doi: 10.1208/s12248-021-00616-7 PMID: 34181150
  31. Yamaori S, Okamoto Y, Yamamoto I, Watanabe K. Cannabidiol, a major phytocannabinoid, as a potent atypical inhibitor for CYP2D6. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39(11): 2049-56. doi: 10.1124/dmd.111.041384 PMID: 21821735
  32. Bansal S, Maharao N, Paine MF, Unadkat JD. Predicting the potential for cannabinoids to precipitate pharmacokinetic drug interactions via reversible inhibition or inactivation of major cytochromes P450. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48(10): 1008-17. doi: 10.1124/dmd.120.000073 PMID: 32587099
  33. Vázquez M, Guevara N, Maldonado C, Guido PC, Schaiquevich P. Potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions between cannabinoids and drugs used for chronic pain. BioMed Res Int 2020; 2020: 1-9. doi: 10.1155/2020/3902740 PMID: 32855964
  34. Yamaori S, Ebisawa J, Okushima Y, Yamamoto I, Watanabe K. Potent inhibition of human cytochrome P450 3A isoforms by cannabidiol: Role of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the resorcinol moiety. Life Sci 2011; 88(15-16): 730-6. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.02.017 PMID: 21356216
  35. Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Agricola KD, Tudor C, Krueger D, Franz DN. Cannabidiol elevates mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor levels in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Pediatr Neurol 2020; 105: 59-61. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.11.017 PMID: 31924480
  36. Leino AD, Emoto C, Fukuda T, Privitera M, Vinks AA, Alloway RR. Evidence of a clinically significant drug-drug interaction between cannabidiol and tacrolimus. Am J Transplant 2019; 19(10): 2944-8. doi: 10.1111/ajt.15398 PMID: 31012522
  37. Kosel BW, Aweeka FT, Benowitz NL, et al. The effects of cannabinoids on the pharmacokinetics of indinavir and nelfinavir. AIDS 2002; 16(4): 543-50. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200203080-00005 PMID: 11872997
  38. Bornheim LM, Everhart ET, Li J, Correia MA. Induction and genetic regulation of mouse hepatic cytochrome P450 by cannabidiol. Biochem Pharmacol 1994; 48(1): 161-71. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(94)90236-4 PMID: 8043019
  39. Qian Y, Wang X, Markowitz JS. In vitro inhibition of carboxylesterase 1 by major cannabinoids and selected metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47(5): 465-72. doi: 10.1124/dmd.118.086074 PMID: 30833288
  40. Casey Laizure S, Herring V, Hu Z, Witbrodt K, Parker RB. The role of human carboxylesterases in drug metabolism: Have we overlooked their importance? Pharmacotherapy 2013; 33(2): 210-22. doi: 10.1002/phar.1194 PMID: 23386599
  41. Alsherbiny M, Li C. Medicinal cannabis-potential drug interactions. Medicines 2018; 6(1): 3. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010003 PMID: 30583596
  42. Zhu HJ, Wang JS, Markowitz JS, et al. Characterization of P-glycoprotein inhibition by major cannabinoids from marijuana. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 317(2): 850-7. doi: 10.1124/jpet.105.098541 PMID: 16439618
  43. Holland ML, Lau DTT, Allen JD, Arnold JC. The multidrug transporter ABCG2 (BCRP) is inhibited by plant-derived cannabinoids. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152(5): 815-24. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707467 PMID: 17906686
  44. Auzmendi J, Palestro P, Blachman A, et al. Cannabidiol (CBD) inhibited rhodamine-123 efflux in cultured vascular endothelial cells and astrocytes under hypoxic conditions. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14: 32. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00032 PMID: 32256321
  45. Anderson LL, Etchart MG, MacNair L, et al. In vitro screening of three commercial cannabis-based products on ATP-binding cassette and solute-carrier transporter function. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 7(3): 304-17. doi: 10.1089/can.2020.0053 PMID: 33998860
  46. Spiro AS, Wong A, Boucher AA, Arnold JC. Enhanced brain disposition and effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein knockout mice. PLoS One 2012; 7(4): e35937. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035937 PMID: 22536451
  47. Anderson GD, Chan LN. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with tobacco, cannabinoids and smoking cessation products. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; 55(11): 1353-68. doi: 10.1007/s40262-016-0400-9 PMID: 27106177
  48. Kaminsky LS, Zhang ZY. Human P450 metabolism of warfarin. Pharmacol Ther 1997; 73(1): 67-74. doi: 10.1016/S0163-7258(96)00140-4 PMID: 9014207
  49. Grayson L, Vines B, Nichol K, Szaflarski JP. An interaction between warfarin and cannabidiol, a case report. Epilepsy Behav Case Rep 2018; 9: 10-1. doi: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2017.10.001 PMID: 29387536
  50. Cortopassi J. Warfarin dose adjustment required after cannabidiol initiation and titration. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2020; 77(22): 1846-51. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa268 PMID: 33016308
  51. Damkier P, Lassen D, Christensen MMH, Madsen KG, Hellfritzsch M, Pottegård A. Interaction between warfarin and cannabis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 124(1): 28-31. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13152 PMID: 30326170
  52. Hsu A, Painter NA. Probable interaction between warfarin and inhaled and oral administration of cannabis. J Pharm Pract 2020; 33(6): 915-8. doi: 10.1177/0897190019854958 PMID: 31319733
  53. Yamreudeewong W, Wong HK, Brausch LM, Pulley KR. Probable interaction between warfarin and marijuana smoking. Ann Pharmacother 2009; 43(7-8): 1347-53. doi: 10.1345/aph.1M064 PMID: 19531696
  54. Thomas TF, Metaxas ES, Nguyen T, et al. Case report: Medical cannabis-warfarin drug-drug interaction. J Cannabis Res 2022; 4(1): 6. doi: 10.1186/s42238-021-00112-x PMID: 35012687
  55. Coe MA, Lofwall MR, Walsh SL. Buprenorphine pharmacology review: Update on transmucosal and long-acting formulations. J Addict Med 2019; 13(2): 93-103. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000457 PMID: 30531584
  56. Vierke C, Marxen B, Boettcher M, Hiemke C, Havemann-Reinecke U. Buprenorphine-cannabis interaction in patients undergoing opioid maintenance therapy. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271(5): 847-56. doi: 10.1007/s00406-019-01091-0 PMID: 31907614
  57. Kharasch ED. Current concepts in methadone metabolism and transport. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2017; 6(2): 125-34. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.326 PMID: 28263461
  58. Madden K, Tanco K, Bruera E. Clinically significant drug-drug interaction between methadone and cannabidiol. Pediatrics 2020; 145(6): e20193256. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-3256 PMID: 32444381
  59. Gauthier AC, Mattson RH. Clobazam: A safe, efficacious, and newly rediscovered therapeutic for epilepsy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21(7): 543-8. doi: 10.1111/cns.12399 PMID: 25917225
  60. Gaston TE, Bebin EM, Cutter GR, Liu Y, Szaflarski JP. Interactions between cannabidiol and commonly used antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia 2017; 58(9): 1586-92. doi: 10.1111/epi.13852 PMID: 28782097
  61. Geffrey AL, Pollack SF, Bruno PL, Thiele EA. Drug-drug interaction between clobazam and cannabidiol in children with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia 2015; 56(8): 1246-51. doi: 10.1111/epi.13060 PMID: 26114620
  62. Morrison G, Crockett J, Blakey G, Sommerville K. A phase 1, open-label, pharmacokinetic trial to investigate possible drug-drug interactions between clobazam, stiripentol, or valproate and cannabidiol in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2019; 8(8): 1009-31. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.665 PMID: 30791225
  63. VanLandingham KE, Crockett J, Taylor L, Morrison G. A phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate potential drug-drug interactions between cannabidiol and clobazam. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 60(10): 1304-13. doi: 10.1002/jcph.1634 PMID: 32652616
  64. Wheless JW, Dlugos D, Miller I, et al. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of multiple doses of pharmaceutical-grade synthetic cannabidiol in pediatric patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy. CNS Drugs 2019; 33(6): 593-604. doi: 10.1007/s40263-019-00624-4 PMID: 31049885
  65. Yang H, Yang L, Zhong X, Jiang X, Zheng L, Wang L. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of brivaracetam and its interactions with rifampin based on CYP2C19 phenotypes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 177: 106258. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106258 PMID: 35840101
  66. Klotz KA, Hirsch M, Heers M, Schulze-Bonhage A, Jacobs J. Effects of cannabidiol on brivaracetam plasma levels. Epilepsia 2019; 60(7): e74-7. doi: 10.1111/epi.16071 PMID: 31211851
  67. Levy RH, Lin HS, Blehaut HM, Tor JA. Pharmacokinetics of stiripentol in normal man: Evidence of nonlinearity. J Clin Pharmacol 1983; 23(11): 523-33. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1983.tb01799.x PMID: 6662977
  68. Ben-Menachem E, Gunning B, Arenas Cabrera CM, et al. A phase II randomized trial to explore the potential for pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions with stiripentol or valproate when combined with cannabidiol in patients with epilepsy. CNS Drugs 2020; 34(6): 661-72. doi: 10.1007/s40263-020-00726-4 PMID: 32350749
  69. Almeida L, Falcão A, Maia J, Mazur D, Gellert M, Soares-da-Silva P. Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of eslicarbazepine acetate (BIA 2-093) in healthy elderly and young subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 45(9): 1062-6. doi: 10.1177/0091270005279364 PMID: 16100301
  70. Perucca E, Cloyd J, Critchley D, Fuseau E. Rufinamide: Clinical pharmacokinetics and concentration-response relationships in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2008; 49(7): 1123-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01665.x PMID: 18503564
  71. Britzi M, Perucca E, Soback S, et al. Pharmacokinetic and metabolic investigation of topiramate disposition in healthy subjects in the absence and in the presence of enzyme induction by carbamazepine. Epilepsia 2005; 46(3): 378-84. doi: 10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.55204.x PMID: 15730535
  72. Leppik IE. Zonisamide: Chemistry, mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetics. Seizure 2004; 13(S1): S5-9. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2004.04.016 PMID: 15511691
  73. Franz DN, Capal JK. mTOR inhibitors in the pharmacologic management of tuberous sclerosis complex and their potential role in other rare neurodevelopmental disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12(1): 51. doi: 10.1186/s13023-017-0596-2 PMID: 28288694
  74. Hartinger JM, Ryšánek P, Slanař O, Šíma M. Pharmacokinetic principles of dose adjustment of MTOR inhibitors in solid organ transplanted patients. J Clin Pharm Ther 2022; 47(9): 1362-7. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13753 PMID: 35934622
  75. Wiemer-Kruel A, Stiller B, Bast T. Cannabidiol interacts significantly with everolimus-report of a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex. Neuropediatrics 2019; 50(6): 400-3. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1695786 PMID: 31539915
  76. Wray L, Berwaerts J, Critchley D, et al. Pharmacokinetic drug- drug interaction with coadministration of cannabidiol and everolimus in a phase 1 healthy volunteer trial. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2023; 12(9): 911-9. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.1262 PMID: 37132402
  77. Yu M, Liu M, Zhang W, Ming Y. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics of tacrolimus in kidney transplantation. Curr Drug Metab 2018; 19(6): 513-22. doi: 10.2174/1389200219666180129151948 PMID: 29380698
  78. Hauser N, Sahai T, Richards R, Roberts T. High on cannabis and calcineurin inhibitors: A word of warning in an era of legalized marijuana. Case Rep Transplant 2016; 2016: 1-3. doi: 10.1155/2016/4028492 PMID: 27595035
  79. Li Y, Theuretzbacher U, Clancy CJ, Nguyen MH, Derendorf H. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of posaconazole. Clin Pharmacokinet 2010; 49(6): 379-96. doi: 10.2165/11319340-000000000-00000 PMID: 20481649
  80. Cuñetti L, Manzo L, Peyraube R, Arnaiz J, Curi L, Orihuela S. Chronic pain treatment with cannabidiol in kidney transplant patients in uruguay. Transplant Proc 2018; 50(2): 461-4. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.12.042 PMID: 29579828
  81. Huddart R, Hicks JK, Ramsey LB, et al. PharmGKB summary: Sertraline pathway, pharmacokinetics. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2020; 30(2): 26-33. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0000000000000392 PMID: 31851125
  82. Nanan J, Crosby S, Schuh MJ. Hyponatremic cognitive dysfunction resulting from drug-drug-gene interaction between sertraline and cannabidiol in an intermediate CYP2C19 metabolizer patient. Innov Pharm 2022; 13(3): 2. doi: 10.24926/iip.v13i3.4890 PMID: 36627907
  83. Rottmann CN. SSRIs and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Am J Nurs 2007; 107(1): 51-8. doi: 10.1097/00000446-200701000-00022 PMID: 17200634
  84. Mentrasti G, Scortichini L, Torniai M, et al. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH): Optimal management. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2020; 16: 663-72. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S206066 PMID: 32801723
  85. Deodhar M, Rihani SBA, Darakjian L, Turgeon J, Michaud V. Assessing the mechanism of fluoxetine-mediated CYP2D6 inhibition. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13(2): 148. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020148 PMID: 33498694
  86. Anderson LL, Arnold JC, McGregor IS, Nation TR. A potential drug-gene-drug interaction between cannabidiol, CYP2D6*4, and fluoxetine: A case report. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 42(4): 422-4. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001568 PMID: 35652796
  87. Sangkuhl K, Klein TE, Altman RB. PharmGKB summary: Citalopram pharmacokinetics pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2011; 21(11): 769-72. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e328346063f PMID: 21546862
  88. Anderson LL, Doohan PT, Oldfield L, et al. Citalopram and cannabidiol. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 41(5): 525-33. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001427 PMID: 34121064
  89. Prasad GS, Srisailam K, Sashidhar RB. Metabolic inhibition of meloxicam by specific CYP2C9 inhibitors in Cunninghamella blakesleeana NCIM 687: In silico and in vitro studies. Springerplus 2016; 5(1): 166. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-1794-4 PMID: 27026863
  90. Emig M, Kafaie J, Ong S, Li X. Cannabidiol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug interactions: A case of drug-induced aseptic meningitis. J Neurol Res 2020; 10(4): 132-5. doi: 10.14740/jnr598
  91. O’Brien WM, Bagby GF. Rare adverse reactions to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. J Rheumatol 1985; 12(1): 13-20. PMID: 3981496
  92. Stevens T, Sangkuhl K, Brown JT, Altman RB, Klein TE. PharmGKB summary: Methylphenidate pathway, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2019; 29(6): 136-54. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0000000000000376 PMID: 30950912
  93. Markowitz JS, De Faria L, Zhang Q, et al. The influence of cannabidiol on the pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate in healthy subjects. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids 2022; 5(1): 199-206. doi: 10.1159/000527189 PMID: 36467779
  94. Granfors MT, Wang JS, Kajosaari LI, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT. Differential inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4, 3A5 and 3A7 by five human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors in vitro. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2006; 98(1): 79-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_249.x PMID: 16433896
  95. Sanchez-Spitman AB, Swen JJ, Dezentje VO, Moes DJAR, Gelderblom H, Guchelaar HJ. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of tamoxifen and endoxifen. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12(6): 523-36. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1610390 PMID: 31008668
  96. Parihar V, Rogers A, Blain AM, Zacharias SRK, Patterson LL, Siyam MAM. Reduction in tamoxifen metabolites endoxifen and n-desmethyltamoxifen with chronic administration of low dose cannabidiol: A CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 drug interaction. J Pharm Pract 2022; 35(2): 322-6. doi: 10.1177/0897190020972208 PMID: 33191836
  97. Toth K, Csukly G, Sirok D, et al. Potential role of patients' CYP3A-status in clozapine pharmacokinetics. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20(7): 529-37.
  98. Zubiaur P, Soria-Chacartegui P, Villapalos-García G, Gordillo-Perdomo JJ, Abad-Santos F. The pharmacogenetics of treatment with olanzapine. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22(14): 939-58. doi: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0051 PMID: 34528455
  99. Zullino DF, Delessert D, Eap CB, Preisig M, Baumann P. Tobacco and cannabis smoking cessation can lead to intoxication with clozapine or olanzapine. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2002; 17(3): 141-3. doi: 10.1097/00004850-200205000-00008 PMID: 11981356
  100. Jin Z, Wu Z, Cui Y, et al. Population pharmacokinetics and dosing regimen of lithium in chinese patients with bipolar disorder. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13: 913935. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.913935 PMID: 35860024
  101. Singh RK, Dillon B, Tatum DA, Van Poppel KC, Bonthius DJ. Drug-drug interactions between cannabidiol and lithium. Child Neurol Open 2020; 7: 2329048X2094789. doi: 10.1177/2329048X20947896 PMID: 32851114
  102. EPIDIOLEX® (cannabidiol) oral solution (US Prescribing Information). Greenwich Biosciences Inc 2018.
  103. Greenblatt DJ, Zhao Y, Venkatakrishnan K, et al. Mechanism of cytochrome P450-3A inhibition by ketoconazole. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63(2): 214-21. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01202.x PMID: 21235585
  104. Niemi M, Backman JT, Fromm MF, Neuvonen PJ, Kivistö KT. Pharmacokinetic interactions with rifampicin: Clinical relevance. Clin Pharmacokinet 2003; 42(9): 819-50. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200342090-00003 PMID: 12882588
  105. Stott C, White L, Wright S, Wilbraham D, Guy G. A Phase I, open-label, randomized, crossover study in three parallel groups to evaluate the effect of Rifampicin, Ketoconazole, and Omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of THC/CBD oromucosal spray in healthy volunteers. Springerplus 2013; 2(1): 236. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-236 PMID: 23750331
  106. Yang MS, Yu CP, Chao PDL, Lin SP, Hou YC. R- and S-Warfarin were transported by breast cancer resistance protein: From in vitro to pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106(5): 1419-25. doi: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.01.012 PMID: 28093289
  107. Coetzee C, Levendal RA, van de Venter M, Frost CL. Anticoagulant effects of a Cannabis extract in an obese rat model. Phytomedicine 2007; 14(5): 333-7. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.02.004 PMID: 16644197
  108. Formukong EA, Evans AT, Evans FJ. The inhibitory effects of cannabinoids, the active constituents of Cannabis sativa L. on human and rabbit platelet aggregation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 41(10): 705-9. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1989.tb06345.x PMID: 2575149
  109. Reitsma SE, Johnson J, Pang J, et al. Chronic edible dosing of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in non-human primates reduces systemic platelet activity and function. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5(S2)
  110. Chesney E, Oliver D, Green A, et al. Adverse effects of cannabidiol: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45(11): 1799-806. doi: 10.1038/s41386-020-0667-2 PMID: 32268347
  111. Tolbert D, Larsen F. A comprehensive overview of the clinical pharmacokinetics of clobazam. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 59(1): 7-19. doi: 10.1002/jcph.1313 PMID: 30285275
  112. Ghodke-Puranik Y, Thorn CF, Lamba JK, et al. Valproic acid pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2013; 23(4): 236-41. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32835ea0b2 PMID: 23407051
  113. Gibbs JP, Adeyeye MC, Yang Z, Shen DD. Valproic acid uptake by bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells: Role of active efflux transport. Epilepsy Res 2004; 58(1): 53-66. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2003.12.008 PMID: 15066675
  114. Nakanishi H, Yonezawa A, Matsubara K, Yano I. Impact of P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein on the brain distribution of antiepileptic drugs in knockout mouse models. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 710(1-3): 20-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.03.049 PMID: 23588114
  115. Ibarra M, Vázquez M, Fagiolino P, Derendorf H. Sex related differences on valproic acid pharmacokinetics after oral single dose. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2013; 40(4): 479-86. doi: 10.1007/s10928-013-9323-3 PMID: 23784346
  116. Ethell BT, Anderson GD, Burchell B. The effect of valproic acid on drug and steroid glucuronidation by expressed human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 65(9): 1441-9. doi: 10.1016/S0006-2952(03)00076-5 PMID: 12732356
  117. Lo LA, Christiansen A, Eadie L, et al. Cannabidiol-associated hepatotoxicity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Intern Med 2023; 293(6): 724-52. doi: 10.1111/joim.13627 PMID: 36912195
  118. Meseguer ES, Elizalde MU, Borobia AM, Ramírez E. Valproic acid-induced liver injury: A case-control study from a prospective pharmacovigilance program in a tertiary hospital. J Clin Med 2021; 10(6): 1153. doi: 10.3390/jcm10061153 PMID: 33801850
  119. McNamara NA, Dang LT, Sturza J, et al. Thrombocytopenia in pediatric patients on concurrent cannabidiol and valproic acid. Epilepsia 2020; 61(8): e85-9. doi: 10.1111/epi.16596 PMID: 32614070
  120. Nasreddine W, Beydoun A. Valproate-induced thrombocytopenia: A prospective monotherapy study. Epilepsia 2008; 49(3): 438-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01429.x PMID: 18031547
  121. Lattanzi S, Trinka E, Striano P, et al. Highly purified cannabidiol for epilepsy treatment: A systematic review of epileptic conditions beyond dravet syndrome and lennox-gastaut syndrome. CNS Drugs 2021; 35(3): 265-81. doi: 10.1007/s40263-021-00807-y PMID: 33754312
  122. van Tellingen O, Buckle T, Jonker JW, van der Valk MA, Beijnen JH. P-glycoprotein and Mrp1 collectively protect the bone marrow from vincristine-induced toxicity in vivo. Br J Cancer 2003; 89(9): 1776-82. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601363 PMID: 14583783
  123. Malki MA, Pearson ER. Drug-drug-gene interactions and adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenomics J 2020; 20(3): 355-66. doi: 10.1038/s41397-019-0122-0 PMID: 31792369
  124. Taylor L, Gidal B, Blakey G, Tayo B, Morrison G. A phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose, multiple dose, and food effect trial of the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of highly purified cannabidiol in healthy subjects. CNS Drugs 2018; 32(11): 1053-67. doi: 10.1007/s40263-018-0578-5 PMID: 30374683
  125. Paduch M, Thomason AR. Potential drug interactions between cannabinoids and its derivatives and oral anticoagulants. Hosp Pharm 2022; 57(1): 188-92. doi: 10.1177/0018578720985438 PMID: 35521023
  126. Greger J, Bates V, Mechtler L, Gengo F. A review of cannabis and interactions with anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 60(4): 432-8. doi: 10.1002/jcph.1557 PMID: 31724188
  127. Balachandran P, Elsohly M, Hill KP. Cannabidiol interactions with medications, illicit substances, and alcohol: A comprehensive review. J Gen Intern Med 2021; 36(7): 2074-84. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06504-8 PMID: 33515191
  128. Abrams DI, Couey P, Shade SB, Kelly ME, Benowitz NL. Cannabinoid-opioid interaction in chronic pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 90(6): 844-51. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2011.188 PMID: 22048225
  129. Manini AF, Yiannoulos G, Bergamaschi MM, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of oral cannabidiol when administered concomitantly with intravenous fentanyl in humans. J Addict Med 2015; 9(3): 204-10. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000118 PMID: 25748562

补充文件

附件文件
动作
1. JATS XML

版权所有 © Bentham Science Publishers, 2024