An Update on Colistin in Clinical Healthcare Unit in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Narrative Review


Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

:Globally, gram-negative bacteria are a significant cause of morbidity. Multi-drug resistance bacteria are responsible for an increasing surge in infections that place a high cost on healthcare systems around the world. Recently, colistin, an antibiotic belonging to the polymyxin family, was reintroduced to combat multidrug- resistant gram-negative bacteria. Excessive and persistent use of colistin has led to the development and spread of colistin-resistant gram-negative bacteria throughout the globe. Healthcare units in various countries, including Saudi Arabia, are currently battling colistin-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Recently, colistin-resistant gram-negative bacteria have become a major health concern in Saudi Arabia. Hence, extensive epidemiological surveys and studies are required to understand the current status of the colistin antibiotic. Examining the knowledge currently available to the medical community on the molecular mechanism, clinical effectiveness, molecular epidemiology, and bacterial resistance to colistin in Saudi Arabia is the aim of this review.

About the authors

Hani Faidah

Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm al-Qura University

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

References

  1. Newton BA. The properties and mode of action of the polymyxins. Bacteriol Rev 1956; 20(1): 14-27. doi: 10.1128/br.20.1.14-27.1956 PMID: 13303920
  2. Nation RL, Velkov T, Li J. Colistin and polymyxin B: Peas in a pod, or chalk and cheese? Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59(1): 88-94. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu213 PMID: 24700659
  3. Falagas ME, Kasiakou SK, Saravolatz LD. Colistin: The revival of polymyxins for the management of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40(9): 1333-41. doi: 10.1086/429323 PMID: 15825037
  4. Storm DR, Rosenthal KS, Swanson PE. Polymyxin and related peptide antibiotics. Annu Rev Biochem 1977; 46(1): 723-63. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.46.070177.003451 PMID: 197881
  5. Poudyal A, Howden BP, Bell JM, et al. In vitro pharmacodynamics of colistin against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62(6): 1311-8. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkn425 PMID: 18922815
  6. Owen RJ, Li J, Nation RL, Spelman D. In vitro pharmacodynamics of colistin against Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59(3): 473-7. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkl512 PMID: 17289768
  7. Cai Y, Chai D, Wang R, Liang B, Bai N. Colistin resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii: Clinical reports, mechanisms and antimicrobial strategies. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67(7): 1607-15. doi: 10.1093/jac/dks084 PMID: 22441575
  8. Landman D, Georgescu C, Martin DA, Quale J. Polymyxins revisited. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008; 21(3): 449-65. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00006-08 PMID: 18625681
  9. Li J, Nation RL, Turnidge JD, et al. Colistin: The re-emerging antibiotic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6(9): 589-601. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70580-1 PMID: 16931410
  10. Jeannot K, Bolard A, Plésiat P. Resistance to polymyxins in Gram-negative organisms. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 49(5): 526-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.029 PMID: 28163137
  11. Al-Tawfiq JA, Laxminarayan R, Mendelson M. How should we respond to the emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in humans and animals? Int J Infect Dis 2017; 54: 77-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.415 PMID: 27915108
  12. Karvanen M. Optimization of colistin dosage in the treatment of multiresistant Gram-negative infections. Doctoral dissertation, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis 2013.
  13. El-Sayed Ahmed MAEG, Zhong LL, Shen C, Yang Y, Doi Y, Tian GB. Colistin and its role in the era of antibiotic resistance: An extended review (2000–2019). Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9(1): 868-85. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1754133 PMID: 32284036
  14. Nation RL, Li J. Colistin in the 21st century. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2009; 22(6): 535-43. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e328332e672 PMID: 19797945
  15. Biswas S, Brunel JM, Dubus JC, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Rolain JM. Colistin: An update on the antibiotic of the 21st century. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012; 10(8): 917-34. doi: 10.1586/eri.12.78 PMID: 23030331
  16. Faidah HS. Colistin use and its resistance in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A narrative review. Adv Infect Dis 2018; 8(4): 255-61. doi: 10.4236/aid.2018.84021
  17. Alotaibi F. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: An update narrative review from Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12(4): 465-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.03.024 PMID: 31060974
  18. Walaa MS, Samah G, Hatem MES, Nikhat M. Assessment of antimicrobial resistance patterns in Escherichia coli isolated from clinical samples in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Afr J Microbiol Res 2018; 12(13): 321-6. doi: 10.5897/AJMR2018.8836
  19. Al-Zahrani IA, Alasiri BA. The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing OXA-48 and NDM in the Southern (Asir) province, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2018; 39(1): 23-30. doi: 10.15537/smj.2018.1.21094 PMID: 29332105
  20. Abdalhamid B, Elhadi N, Alabdulqader N, Alsamman K, Aljindan R. Rates of gastrointestinal tract colonization of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitals in Saudi Arabia. New Microbes New Infect 2016; 10: 77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.01.014 PMID: 26933499
  21. Forster AJ, Taljaard M, Oake N, Wilson K, Roth V, van Walraven C. The effect of hospital-acquired infection with Clostridium difficile on length of stay in hospital. CMAJ 2012; 184(1): 37-42. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.110543 PMID: 22143235
  22. Ali S, Birhane M, Bekele S, et al. Healthcare associated infection and its risk factors among patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia: Longitudinal study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7(1): 2. doi: 10.1186/s13756-017-0298-5 PMID: 29312659
  23. O'Neill J. Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: Final report and recommendations. 2016. Available from: https://amr-review.org/sites/default/files/160518_Final%20paper_with%20cover.pdf
  24. Vincent JL, Rello J, Marshall J, et al. International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units. JAMA 2009; 302(21): 2323-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1754 PMID: 19952319
  25. Ali E, Albarraq A, Makeen H, Ezzi A, Mashragi YM. Intravenous colistin in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organism in tertiary hospital, Jazan, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10(1): 333-8. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1148_20 PMID: 34017749
  26. Cara AKS, Zaidi STR, Suleman F. Cost-effectiveness analysis of low versus high dose colistin in the treatment of multi-drug resistant pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pharm 2018; 40(5): 1051-8. doi: 10.1007/s11096-018-0713-x PMID: 30117080
  27. Sharma J, Sharma D, Singh A, Sunita K. Colistin resistance and management of drug resistant infections. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2022; 2022: 1-10. doi: 10.1155/2022/4315030 PMID: 36536900
  28. Ibrahim ME. High antimicrobial resistant rates among Gram-negative pathogens in intensive care units. Saudi Med J 2018; 39(10): 1035-43. doi: 10.15537/smj.2018.10.22944 PMID: 30284588
  29. Boonyasiri A, Brinkac LM, Jauneikaite E, et al. Characteristics and genomic epidemiology of colistin-resistant Enterobacterales from farmers, swine, and hospitalized patients in Thailand, 2014–2017. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23(1): 556. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08539-8 PMID: 37641085
  30. Gharaibeh MH, Shatnawi SQ. An overview of colistin resistance, mobilized colistin resistance genes dissemination, global responses, and the alternatives to colistin: A review. Vet World 2019; 12(11): 1735-46. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1735-1746 PMID: 32009752
  31. Delgarm Shams-Abadi A, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Paterson DL, et al. The prevalence of colistin resistance in clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23(1): 200. doi: 10.1186/s12866-023-02950-6 PMID: 37507660
  32. Zhang Y, Lv X, Cao W, et al. Survey of colistin resistance in commensal bacteria from Penaeus vannamei farms in China. Foods 2023; 12(11): 2143. doi: 10.3390/foods12112143 PMID: 37297388
  33. Elbediwi M, Li Y, Paudyal N, et al. Global burden of colistin-resistant bacteria: Mobilized colistin resistance genes study (1980–2018). Microorganisms 2019; 7(10): 461. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7100461 PMID: 31623244
  34. Binsker U, Käsbohrer A, Hammerl JA. Global colistin use: A review of the emergence of resistant Enterobacterales and the impact on their genetic basis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46(1): fuab049. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuab049 PMID: 34612488
  35. Al-Agamy MH, Jeannot K, El-Mahdy TS, et al. First detection of GES-5 carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolate. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23(5): 556-62. doi: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0152 PMID: 27854148
  36. Al-Agamy MH, Shibl AM, Hafez MM, Al-Ahdal MN, Memish ZA, Khubnani H. Molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Riyadh: Emergence of CTX-M-15-producing E. coli ST131. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2014; 13(1): 4. doi: 10.1186/1476-0711-13-4 PMID: 24397567
  37. Sonnevend Á, Ghazawi A, Alqahtani M, et al. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in Escherichia coli from the Arabian Peninsula. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 50: 85-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.07.007 PMID: 27566913
  38. Alghoribi MF, Doumith M, Upton M, et al. Complete genome sequence of a colistin-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli sequence type 131 fimH 22 strain harboring mcr-1 on an IncHI2 plasmid, isolated in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8(18): e00104-19. doi: 10.1128/MRA.00104-19 PMID: 31048392
  39. Azim NS, Al-Harbi MA, Al-Zaban MI, Nofal MY, Somily AM. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility among gram negative bacteria isolated from intensive care units at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Pure Appl Microbiol 2019; 13: 201-8. doi: 10.22207/JPAM.13.1.21
  40. Ramadan RA, Gebriel MG, Kadry HM, Mosallem A. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Characterization of carbapenemase genes and E-test evaluation of colistin-based combinations. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11: 1261-9. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S170233 PMID: 30197524
  41. Saeed NK, Kambal AM, El-Khizzi NA. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in a general intensive care unit in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2010; 31(12): 1341-9. PMID: 21135998
  42. Garbati MA, Bin Abdulhak A, Baba K, Sakkijha H. Infection due to colistin-resistant Enterobacteriacae in critically-ill patients. J Infect Dev Ctries 2013; 7(10): 713-9. doi: 10.3855/jidc.2851 PMID: 24129623
  43. Rana MA, Abd El Rahaman B, Mady AF, et al. Intra-pleural colistin methanesulfonate therapy for pleural infection caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: A successful case report. Infect Dis Rep 2014; 6(3): 5413. doi: 10.4081/idr.2014.5413 PMID: 25276329
  44. Bukhary Z, Mahmood W, Al-Khani A, Al-Abdely HM. Treatment of nosocomial meningitis due to a multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with intraventricular colistin. Saudi Med J 2005; 26(4): 656-8. PMID: 15900379
  45. Peng D, Zhang F, Chen Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of colistin sulfate in the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant organisms: A multicenter retrospective cohort study. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15(4): 1794-804. doi: 10.21037/jtd-23-336 PMID: 37197520
  46. Wu Y, Jiang S, Li D, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of colistin sulfate in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant organism infections in patients with hematological diseases. Infect Dis Ther 2024; 13(1): 141-54. doi: 10.1007/s40121-023-00909-8 PMID: 38212555
  47. Garnacho-Montero J, Amaya-Villar R, Gutiérrez-Pizarraya A, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of the combination of colistin plus vancomycin for the treatment of severe infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Chemotherapy 2013; 59(3): 225-31. doi: 10.1159/000356004 PMID: 24356297
  48. Michalopoulos AS, Falagas ME. Colistin: Recent data on pharmacodynamics properties and clinical efficacy in critically ill patients. Ann Intensive Care 2011; 1(1): 30. doi: 10.1186/2110-5820-1-30 PMID: 21906382
  49. Zhang H, Zhang Q. Systemic review/meta-analysis clinical efficacy and safety of colistin treatment in patients with pulmonary infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii: A meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2015; 1(1): 34-42. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2015.48158 PMID: 25861288
  50. Al Shirawi N, Memish ZA, Cherfan A, Al Shimemeri A. Post-neurosurgical meningitis due to multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii treated with intrathecal colistin: Case report and review of the literature. J Chemother 2006; 18(5): 554-8. doi: 10.1179/joc.2006.18.5.554 PMID: 17127235
  51. Rico Caballero V, Almarzoky Abuhussain S, Kuti JL, Nicolau DP. Efficacy of human-simulated exposures of ceftolozane-tazobactam alone and in combination with amikacin or colistin against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62(5): e02384-17. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02384-17 PMID: 29483119
  52. Uz Zaman T, Albladi M, Siddique MI, Al Johani SM, Balkhy H. Insertion element mediated mgrB disruption and presence of ISKpn28 in colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Saudi Arabia. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11: 1183-7. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S161146 PMID: 30147346
  53. Cascio A, Conti A, Sinardi L, et al. Post-neurosurgical multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis successfully treated with intrathecal colistin. A new case and a systematic review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis 2010; 14(7): e572-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.06.032 PMID: 19892577
  54. Loho T, Dharmayanti A. Colistin: An antibiotic and its role in multiresistant Gram-negative infections. Acta Med Indones 2015; 47(2): 157-68. PMID: 26260559
  55. Haseeb A, Faidah HS, Alghamdi S, et al. Dose optimization of colistin: A systematic review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10(12): 1454. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10121454 PMID: 34943666
  56. Zaidi STR, Al Omran S, Al Aithan ASM, Al Sultan M. Efficacy and safety of low-dose colistin in the treatment for infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 39(3): 272-6. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12138 PMID: 24593154
  57. Markou N, Markantonis SL, Dimitrakis E, et al. Colistin serum concentrations after intravenous administration in critically ill patients with serious multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative bacilli infections: A prospective, open-label, uncontrolled study. Clin Ther 2008; 30(1): 143-51. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.01.015 PMID: 18343250
  58. Plachouras D, Karvanen M, Friberg LE, et al. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of colistin methanesulfonate and colistin after intravenous administration in critically ill patients with infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53(8): 3430-6. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01361-08 PMID: 19433570
  59. Mohamed AF, Karaiskos I, Plachouras D, et al. Application of a loading dose of colistin methanesulfonate in critically ill patients: Population pharmacokinetics, protein binding, and prediction of bacterial kill. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56(8): 4241-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.06426-11 PMID: 22615285
  60. Omrani AS, Alfahad WA, Shoukri MM, et al. High dose intravenous colistin methanesulfonate therapy is associated with high rates of nephrotoxicity; A prospective cohort study from Saudi Arabia. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2015; 14(1): 3. doi: 10.1186/s12941-015-0062-8 PMID: 25591721
  61. Almutairy R, Aljrarri W, Noor A, et al. Impact of colistin dosing on the incidence of nephrotoxicity in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9(8): 485. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9080485 PMID: 32781593
  62. Nation RL, Li J, Cars O, et al. Framework for optimisation of the clinical use of colistin and polymyxin B: The Prato polymyxin consensus. Lancet Infect Dis 2015; 15(2): 225-34. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70850-3 PMID: 25459221
  63. Baadani AM, Thawadi SI, El-Khizzi NA, Omrani AS. Prevalence of colistin and tigecycline resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from 2 hospitals in Riyadh region over a 2-year period. Saudi Med J 2013; 34(3): 248-53. PMID: 23475088
  64. Shibl A, Al-Agamy M, Memish Z, Senok A, Khader SA, Assiri A. The emergence of OXA-48- and NDM-1-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Int J Infect Dis 2013; 17(12): e1130-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.06.016 PMID: 24021566
  65. Alqasim A. Colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in Saudi Arabia: A literature review. J King Saud Univ Sci 2021; 33(8): 101610. doi: 10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101610
  66. Al Mayahi Z, Kamel S, Amer H, Beatty M. Outbreak of colistin-resistant organisms at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2016. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 34: 162. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2019.34.162.19998 PMID: 32153702
  67. Kharaba A. Prevalence and outcomes of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter infection in Saudi critical care units. Saudi Crit Care J 2017; 1(6): 25. doi: 10.4103/sccj.sccj_28_17
  68. Gogry FA, Siddiqui MT, Sultan I, Haq QMR. Current update on intrinsic and acquired colistin resistance mechanisms in bacteria. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8: 677720. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.677720 PMID: 34476235
  69. Hamel M, Rolain JM, Baron SA. The history of colistin resistance mechanisms in bacteria: Progress and challenges. Microorganisms 2021; 9(2): 442. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9020442 PMID: 33672663
  70. Torres DA, Seth-Smith HMB, Joosse N, et al. Colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria analysed by five phenotypic assays and inference of the underlying genomic mechanisms. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21(1): 321. doi: 10.1186/s12866-021-02388-8 PMID: 34798825
  71. Alba P, Leekitcharoenphon P, Franco A, et al. Molecular epidemiology of mcr-encoded colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from food-producing animals in Italy revealed through the EU harmonized antimicrobial resistance monitoring. Front Microbiol 2018; 9: 1217. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01217 PMID: 29951045
  72. Abdallah M, Balshi A. First literature review of carbapenem-resistant Providencia. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 25: 16-23. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.05.009 PMID: 29983987
  73. Al-Qahtani AA, Al-Agamy MH, Ali MS, Al-Ahdal MN, Aljohi MA, Shibl AM. Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Chemother 2014; 26(3): 139-45. doi: 10.1179/1973947813Y.0000000124 PMID: 24091155
  74. Abdalhamid B, Hassan H, Itbaileh A, Shorman M. Characterization of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. New Microbiol 2014; 37(1): 65-73. PMID: 24531172
  75. Leangapichart T, Gautret P, Brouqui P, Mimish Z, Raoult D, Rolain JM. Acquisition of mcr-1 plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae during Hajj 2013 and 2014. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60(11): 6998-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01486-16 PMID: 27620480

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2024 Bentham Science Publishers