Historiographical and doctrinal aspects of constructing European identity (using the example of the modern Balkans)

The article deals with the problems of constructing European identity, which is quite controversial and multifaceted. It is noted that there are difficulties in identifying common themes that would unite the different nationalities inhabiting Europe. Using the example of the countries of the Balkan region, a possible conflict situation between the European and national levels of political and cultural identification is analyzed. Two models of the evolution of national identity and its relationship with European identity, called “convergence of identities” (Croatia) and “divergence of identities” (Serbia), are considered. The article notes that part of society in European countries is trying to identify itself with a united Europe and its values. At the same time, there are other sentiments, a different vector of self-identification for that part of the European population that sees European integration as a threat to national unity, established traditions and cultural identity. Such sentiments often find expression in increased ethnocentrism and the rise of nationalist feelings. The article also draws attention to the competition between national and regional identities, including the revival of autonomist narratives in certain European states.