Measuring the Viscosity of Sulphur Melt by the Proton Microscopy Method

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Resumo

Sulfur is a substance with an abnormal dependence of viscosity on temperature. An experimental setup was created to study the viscosity of sulfur at pressures up to 100 bar and temperatures up to 500 °C. To visualize the process of falling of a tungsten carbide ball located in molten sulfur, the proton radiography method was used. The experiment was carried out on a PRIOR-II proton microscope (Institute for Heavy Ion Research, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany). In this experiment, the operating mode of the SIS-18 accelerator with slow beam extraction was used for the first time for proton radiography. The viscosity of the sulfur melt was measured at a pressure of 90 bar and temperatures of 190—320 °C. It has been shown that the viscosity of sulfur is greatly influenced by impurities, including hydrogen sulfide, which appears in the molten sulfur at high temperatures.

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Sobre autores

A. Khurchiev

Kurchatov Institute

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: ayuxa@inbox.ru
Rússia, Moscow

R. Gavrilin

Kurchatov Institute

Email: ayuxa@inbox.ru
Rússia, Moscow

A. Skoblyakov

Kurchatov Institute

Email: ayuxa@inbox.ru
Rússia, Moscow

A. Kantsyrev

Kurchatov Institute

Email: ayuxa@inbox.ru
Rússia, Moscow

A. Golubev

Kurchatov Institute

Email: ayuxa@inbox.ru
Rússia, Moscow

V. Mintsev

Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of the RAS

Email: ayuxa@inbox.ru
Rússia, Chernogolovka

D. Nikolaev

Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of the RAS

Email: ayuxa@inbox.ru
Rússia, Chernogolovka

N. Shilkin

Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of the RAS

Email: ayuxa@inbox.ru
Rússia, Chernogolovka

R. Belikov

Goethe University Frankfurt

Email: ayuxa@inbox.ru
Alemanha, Frankfurt am Main

Bibliografia

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2. Fig. 1. Schematic of the target part of the unit for studying the viscosity of sulphur melt by proton microscopy

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3. Fig. 2. Installation for measuring sulphur viscosity. On the left is a photograph of the rotary assembly with a titanium tube filled with sulphur with the thermal casing removed. Right - general view of the setup against the background of quadrupole electromagnetic lenses (yellow colour) of the proton-radiographic imaging system of the PRIOR-II proton microscope

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4. Fig. 3. Proton-radiographic images of the ball in the sulphur melt at different time points. The temperature of the sulphur melt is 286 °C and the pressure is 90 bar

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5. Fig. 4. Position of the tungsten carbide ball in the sulphur melt at different time points. The temperature of the sulphur melt is 286 °C and the pressure is 90 bar

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6. Fig. 5. Ball drop rate as a function of sulphur melt temperature at a pressure of 90 bar

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7. Fig. 6. Viscosity of sulfur melt as a function of temperature. Black squares - experimental data obtained in this work at a pressure of 90 bar; black triangles - experimental data from [3] at a pressure of 100 atm; dashed curve - calculation using the analytical model from [14]

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8. Fig. 7. Proton-radiographic images of the sulphur melt at different time points. The arrows indicate the bubble boundary

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9. Fig. 8. Viscosity of sulphur melt as a function of temperature at 90 bar. Black dots are experimental data. Lines correspond to theoretical calculations [14]: solid - hydrogen sulfide mass fraction 140 ppmw; dashed - 120 ppmw; dashed - 160 ppmw; dashed - viscosity of sulfur without impurities

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