Iron compounds in steppe soils of the East European Plain, connection with soil processes and paleoclimatic aspects

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Abstract

The total content, forms and mineralogy of iron compounds of soils of forest-steppe, steppe and semi-desert zones from the central chernozem regions to the Caspian lowland and from the Southern Urals to the Kerch Strait have been studied. The subjects of the study were Сhernozems (n = 40), Kastanozems (n = 15), Solonetz (n = 7), Calcisols (n = 7). Based on the results obtained, characteristic features of the distribution of total iron content, mass balance (τFe,Zr), forms of iron compounds, magnetic susceptibility (χ) and mineralogy of iron in soil profiles were revealed. The distribution of τFe,Zr in the studied soils reflects the processes and conditions of soil formation, as well as lithological features. For a more detailed understanding of the process of transformation of iron compounds in steppe soils, studies of granulometric fractions (<2, 2–5, 5–10, 10–50 μm) by the method of Mossbauer spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility were carried out on samples of Luvic Chernozem, Haplic Kastanozem, Haplic Kastanozem (Endosalic, Cambic)) and Luvic Calcisol (Endosalic). It is shown that a large fraction of Fe3+ in the silt fraction is contained in highly dispersed oxides and hydroxides in the superparamagnetic state. In humus-accumulative horizons of steppe soils, a decrease in the Fe2+ fraction in aluminosilicates due to weathering processes is recorded. The revealed interrelation of the goethite/(hematite + goethite) ratio in humus-accumulative horizons of soils with climatic parameters allows to use it in future paleoclimatic reconstructions. The Mössbauer spectroscopy records a significant increase in non-silicate iron in the accumulative humus horizons of steppe soils in comparison with the soil-forming rock, which is an important confirmation of the formation of iron oxides during soil formation. When comparing methods for determining non-silicate iron in soils (Mössbauer spectroscopy and Mehr-Jackson extraction), significant differences in the results were revealed due to a decrease in free forms of iron when isolated by the chemical method.

About the authors

V. V. Malyshev

Institute of physical, chemical and biological problems of soil science of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: vladmalyscheff@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Pushchino, 142290

A. O. Alekseev

Institute of physical, chemical and biological problems of soil science of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: vladmalyscheff@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Pushchino, 142290

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