Experimental geophysical detection of spatial and temporal variability of urban soil properties

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The high variability of properties in urban soils and the abundance of anthropogenic inclusions that interfere with the propagation of electromagnetic fields are the reasons why they are seldom studied by geophysics. At the same time, geophysics is the efficient and fast way to diagnose soil structure and dynamics without affecting the function of the place, which is crucial when working in the city. In order to conduct a geophysical study of soils in the city, it is necessary to find out experimentally the relationship of electromagnetic properties with soil texture, moisture content, organic matter content, volume density of solid mineral matter and some other characteristics of soils. The purpose of our study was geophysical detection of spatial and temporal variation in urban soil properties using a lawn in Moscow as an example. Along with classical methods of soil description in reference pits and boreholes, we used ground-penetrating radar, electrical resistivity tomography and electromagnetic induction methods in different seasons. To improve the accuracy of interpretation of geophysical data we analysed the physical properties of soil horizons: particle size and water content, as well as electromagnetic parameters: complex dielectric permittivity and electrical resistivity. The integrated approach allowed to identify soil boundaries with the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.54–0.88 and an error of 10 cm, to give their interpretation and study the seasonal dynamics of electromagnetic properties indirectly related to soil moisture.

作者简介

S. Bricheva

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: bricheva@igras.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1897-3719
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow, 119991; Moscow, 119017

P. Shilov

Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

Email: bricheva@igras.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow, 119017

A. Yurchenko

Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: bricheva@igras.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow, 119017

M. Tarasova

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: bricheva@igras.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow, 119991; Moscow, 119017

V. Matasov

High school of economics; RUDN University

Email: bricheva@igras.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow, 109028; Moscow, 117198

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补充文件

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2. Fig. 1. Map of factual material: 1 - site boundaries; 2 - ground-penetrating radar profiles (August 2023), survey lines using the induction electrical profiling method; 3 - ground-penetrating radar profiles, April 2024; 4 - electrical resistivity tomography profiles: electrode pitch 1 m; 5 - electrode pitch 0.5 m; 6 - utilities; 7 - wells; 8 - reference sections.

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3. Fig. 2. Results of laboratory measurements of the content of physical clay (particles <0.01 mm), permittivity in samples from boreholes 1 and 2 and specific electrical resistance using the VES method (a); GPR profile pr05 with the designation of the position of boreholes, selected GPR complexes (Roman numerals) and the boundaries between them (b).

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4. Fig. 3. Surface relief based on laser scanning data (a); morphology of the boundary between georadar complexes I and II. The dashed line indicates the position of the power supply cable taking into account the width of the trench and backfill (b).

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5. Fig. 4. Seasonal dynamics of specific electrical resistance (SER) according to electrical resistivity tomography data; 1 – boundary of georadar complexes I and II (Fig. 2b); 2 – boundary below which practically no seasonal changes in SER are observed.

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6. Fig. 5. Seasonal variability of electrical conductivity according to induction electrical profiling data (a) and specific electrical resistance according to electrical resistivity tomography data (b).

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7. Supplementary Material
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8. Fig. S1. Morphological structure of soils according to the field description.
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9. Fig. S2. Comparison of GPR images obtained along the pr13 profile in different seasons. The values of the travel time of the reflected signal t, velocity V and dielectric permittivity (ε) are indicated in the figure.
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10. Fig. S3. Seasonal dynamics from GPR data: comparison of profiles pr09 (a) and pr13 (b) in different seasons. Roman numerals indicate GPR complexes and boundaries between them.
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11. Fig.S4
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